备考书目推荐：

　　一、教材

　　《大学英语自学教程（下册）》 主编：高远 高等教育出版社

　　二、辅助教材

　　1.《考前语法突破》 曲航 编著 北京航空航天大学出版社

　　2.《大纲词汇一本通》 胥国红 曲航 李筱筝 编著 北京航空航天大学出版社

　　3.《大学英语自学教程（下册）自学与自测》 主编：高远 北京航空航天大学出版社

　　备考建议：

　　1.巧记单词：利用零散的时间，频繁反复地记忆单词；

　　2. 重视教材：尤其是课文中含有语法要点的句子，以及书后习题和语法讲解中的例句；

　　3. 学会总结：错误经常出现在哪里，错误的原因，避免同类错误的再次出现；

　　4. 肯定自己：看到自己的进步，相信自己能做得更好。

　　「切记」避免焦躁。此类情绪对于学习和考试只会产生负面影响

　　1. 动词

　　――――谓语动词的时态和语态，非谓语动词，虚拟语气

　　1. Lots of empty beer bottles were found under the young man‘s bed； he __________ heavily.

　　A. must have drunk B. must drink C. should drink D. had to drink

　　2. __________ home， she found that she had left the key at the office.

　　A. To have arrived B. To arrive C. While arriving D. Arriving

　　3.In deciding __________ a course of action， the candidates tried to estimate its likely impact on the voters.

　　A. what to pursue B. which to pursue C. whether to pursue D. if to pursue

　　4. __________， they began to get down to business.

　　A. The holidays are over B. The holidays were over

　　C. The holidays being over D. The holidays had been over

　　5. __________ nothing to say，the boy shied way from the crowd.

　　A. Have B. Having C. Had D. Having being

　　6. The young doctor could not sleep at night， the worsening condition of a patient __________ him.

　　A. disturbing B. disturbed C. being disturbed D. to disturb

　　7. Should she come tomorrow， I __________ take her to the museum.

　　A. can B. will C. would D. must

　　8.If we __________ everything ready by now， we should be having a terrible time tomorrow.

　　A. hadn‘t got B. didn’t get 　　 C. wouldn‘t have got D. wouldn’t get

　　9. __________ for your help，I would not have over come the psychological pressures and tensions.

　　A. Not been B. Without being C. Had it not been D. Not having been

　　10.Would‘t you rather your child __________ successful with his study and won the scholarship？

　　A. became B. become C. would become D. becomes

　　11.You needn‘t __________ him about this since he could find out for himself.

　　A. tell B. be telling C. have told D. have to tell

　　12. If you ______ my advice， you wouldn‘t be in such trouble now.

　　A. took B. takes C. has taken D. had taken

　　13. The meeting ______， we left the room quickly for dinner.

　　A. over B. was over C. is over D. been over

　　14. All the money ______， Frederick started looking for work.

　　A. having spent B. has been spent C. having been spent D. had been spent

　　15. ______ his talk when Mary ran out of the lecture hall.

　　A. Hardly had be begun B. Hardly he had begun

　　C. Hardly he has begun D. He hardly had begun

　　16. Much of the carbon in the earth __________（come）from things that once lived.

　　17. China is not what she __________（use）to be.

　　18. In the past two decades， research __________（expand）our knowledge about sleep and dreams.

　　19. Television ads __________ usually __________（repeat）over and over again.

　　20.Some proverbs _______ （be）in the language for 1，000 years， for example， A friend in need is a friend indeed.

　　21.The nations that __________ actively __________ （involve）in earthquake prediction programs include Japan， China， Russia， and the United States.

　　22.In 1991， after the Gulf War， Bush‘s approval rating reached 91 percent， the highest level recorded since polling __________（begin）in the 1930s.

　　23.Seeing violence on television or reading about it in the newspapers every day __________ （make）us tolerate crime more than we should.

　　24.All the worries they might have felt for him __________ （drive） off by the sight of his cheerful face.

　　25.Little did they realize that they __________（make）an important discovery in science.

　　26. Some people think relations between people _____ （deteriorate） so much that understanding and friendship are almost impossible.

　　27. Let‘s hurry up. She _____ （must， wait） for us.

　　28. Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what _____ （happen） to her.

　　29. Many a writer of newspaper articles __________ （turn） to writing novels during the past decade.

　　30. There __________ （estimate） to be more than 20， 000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain in 1995.

　　31. So far， Irving __________ （live） in New York City for ten years.

　　32. The patient __________ （send） to another hospital before we got there.

　　33. Coffee delays the body clock in the morning， and __________ （advance） it at night.

　　34.Cancer research __________ （make） all over the world in the past twenty years.

　　35.There was a mistake on my paycheck. I __________ （receive） 10more.

　　36.The second half of the nineteenth century __________ （witness） the first extended translation into English of the writings of Eliphas Levi.

　　37. Once harm __________ （do） to the environment， it takes years to have the system recovered.

　　38. This project __________ （accomplish） by the end of 2006 will greatly improve the basic facility of the city.

　　39. Investigations into the cause of the shipwreck show that the ship _________ （sink） the moment it hit the rock .

　　40. If that sounds like far-fetched fantasy， consider these interesting findings that __________ （emerge） from eight years of sleep and dream research at the VA Hospital.

　　41. A great number of the body‘s events __________ （schedule） to occur at a certain time of day.

　　42. It is these messages that __________ （form） the basis of the child‘s self-esteem.

　　43. With all this done， I __________ （free） from all troubles and responsibilities.

　　44.If you cannot understand， ask： “Would you mind __________（rephrase）the question， please？”

　　45. Many preschool teachers do not like to have commercially make toy weapons __________ （bring） into the classroom.

　　46. Robots， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning __________（see）in other industries as well.

　　47. Let us consider the earth as a planet _________（revolve）round sun.

　　48.A man cannot be really happy if what he enjoys __________（do）is ignored by society as of no value or importance.

　　49.Anyone _________（want）to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

　　50.It is a well-know fact that a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes ________（control）his direction.

　　52.Robots， __________ （become） increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

　　53.They were often compelled __________ （work） twelve or fourteen hours a day.

　　54.It has been proved that their best ideas seem __________ （occur） when they were relaxing.

　　55.Her body， with hands and feet __________ （bind）， was discovered by a traveler early in the morning.

　　56.Anyone __________ （want） to live in the new century will have to know about the computer.

　　57.It has been proved that some people‘s best ideas seem __________ （occur） when they are relaxing and daydreaming.

　　58.They may have their passports __________ （remove）， making leaving or “escaping” actually impossible.

　　59.This poem， if __________ （translate） word for word into Chinese， will make no sense.

　　60.Robots， already taking over human tasks in the automotive field， are beginning __________ （see）， although to a lesser degree， in other industries as well.

　　61.Anyone __________ （want） to understand the industry of the future will have to know about IT （information technology）。

　　62.__________ （tell） that some guest were coming， she shopped all morning in the supermarket.

　　63.It is said the conference is __________（hold）in this hall next month.

　　64.As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used in experiments may decrease， but stopping _________（test）on animals altogether is a long way away.

　　65.A life __________（live）without fantasy and daydreaming is a really poor life indeed.

　　66. When _____ （present） with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems and production managers see production problems.

　　67. Would you mind _____ （rephrase） the question， please.

　　68. They used to _____ （work） twelve or fourteen hours a day at that time.

　　69. An organization is a group of people， and a decision __ （make） today may have consequences far into the future.

　　70. For managers， every decision has constraints _____ （base） on policies， procedures and laws.

　　71. As I‘ll be away for a year， I’d appreciate _____ （hear） from you now and then.

　　72. What developed was a music readily _____ （take） on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.

　　73. Many other new techniques are available that enable more research _____ （do） in the test tube.

　　74. _____ （not， get）enough hands， she had great difficulty in accomplishing the task.

　　75. A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after _____ （convict） of murder.

　　76. With apples at 25 cents a pound， we couldn‘t resist _____ （take） four pounds.

　　77. When _____ （give） the chance， it is quite possible for him to fulfill the task within ten days.

　　78. I‘ll be only too pleased _____ （help） out those who are in difficulty.

　　79. Television is another major instrument of communication， _____ （permit） us to see as well as to hear the performer.

　　80.There are several means _____ （measure） the length and width of the gap.

　　81. _____ （seize） Jane by the collar， they dragged her out of the vehicle and locked her up in the dark room.

　　82.I couldn‘t help but _____ （feel） this is a very strange life.

　　83. _____ （use ） economically， one tin of oil will last at least three months.

　　84.It seems reasonable to assume that， other things _____ （be） equal， they would prefer single to shared rooms.

　　85. With the strike _____ （settle）， the work on the new assembly line went ahead like wildfire.

　　86. People appreciate _____ （talk） with him because he is knowledgeable and humorous.

　　87. Since the author did not stick to the topic， I found his article very _____ （confuse） and hard to follow.

　　88. You may find yourself _____ （face） one interviewer or panel.

　　89. _____ （understand） the effects of apartheid it is necessary to think of the daily lives of the people.

　　90. The domestics can have their passports removed， _____ （make） leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible.

　　91. Miss Hannah Arent was the first person _____ （define） the difference between work and labor.

　　92. I would rather he _____（buy）the house next year.

　　93.They demanded that the right to vote _____（give）to every adult person.

　　94.The manager told us to be friendly to the visitors as if we _____ （meet） them before.

　　95.If it hadn‘t been for your help， we _____ （be） in real trouble.

　　96.If you had come earlier， you _____ （not miss） the first act of the play.

　　97.He would have given you more help， if he _____ （not be） so busy.

　　98. I would recommend that you _____ （think） about doing something similar for yourself.

　　99. She treats me as if I _____ （be） a stranger.

　　100. It‘s time something _____ （do） about the traffic problem downtown.

　　101. It was imperative that students _____ （finish） their papers before July 1st.

　　102. It is high time that we _____ （take） firm measures to protect our environment.

　　103. Had he been treated well， he _____ （get over） this disease.

　　104. If only the board _____ （approve） the proposal and put it into effect.

　　105. If thalidomide _____ （invent） today， it would never be released for human use because new tests on pregnant animals would reveal the dangers.

　　106. He _________（write） her 10 letters since he met her last years.

　　107. I think it necessary for him ________ （finish） the work in time.

　　108. The house is ______ （complete） before his brother‘s wedding ceremony.

　　109. You had better ________ （bring） enough money with you.

　　110. If I hadn‘t listened to you， I would _______ （make） such a silly mistake.

　　111. The three players repeatedly denied ________ （take） any drug.

　　112. People who are entitled to ________ （vote） should be over eighteen.

　　113. If she ______（catch） the 10 O‘clock train， she can get there by lunch time.

　　――――定语从句，名词从句和状语从句

　　1.It was there， the police believe， _____ she was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.

　　A. until B. which C. that D. when

　　2.It is not yet known _____ computers will one day have vision as good as human vision.

　　A. whether B. if C. that D. how

　　3.Such attitudes amount to a belief _____ leisure can and should be put to good use.

　　A. which B. if C. whether D. that

　　4. Many of us visited the industrial exhibition， ， to our disappointment， we saw very few high-tech （高技术） products.

　　A. where B. which C. as D. that

　　5. On the other hand concern is also growing about the possibility of a new economic order _____ resource-rich nations of the Third World would combine to set high commodity prices.

　　A. which B. what C. that D. in that

　　6.Studies have shown _____ teenagers often suffer from depression.

　　A. that B. which C .in which D. in that

　　7. It is becoming increasingly clear to policy-makers schools cannot solve all the problems of the larger community.

　　A. that B. what C. when D. who

　　9. There is no doubt _____ a large number of people have benefited from heart surgery.

　　A. what B. of C. if D. that

　　10. Such people _____ you describe are nowadays.

　　A. as B. that C. who D. which

　　11. Was it in that school _____ he developed his interest in physics？

　　A. which B. from which C. where D. that

　　12. Why do you blame him for his poor judgment on the matter _____ he really needs is encouragement？

　　A. when that B. since that C. when what D. now that

　　13. _____， I couldn‘t get a job in this company.

　　A. Try as I might B. As I might try C. Try though I might D. I might try

　　14. It is a well-known fact ____ a person will move in a circle when he cannot use his eyes to control his direction.

　　A. that B. if C. when D. whether

　　15. Very few people understood this contract， _____was very obscure.

　　A. the language B. the language of which C. all it said D. which it had said

　　16. Management often works hard to set up a situation _____work is done in series.

　　A. that B. where C. which D. what

　　17. Although Tom is satisfied with his academic achievement， he wonders ____will happen to his family life.

　　A. it B. that C. what D. this

　　18. We cannot leave this tough job to a person _____.

　　A. who nobody has confidence B. in whom nobody has confidence

　　C. for whom nobody has confidence D. who everyone has confidence of

　　19. Six out of every ten prisoners in chains are black， which is _____ the chain gangs call up images of slavery in centuries gone by.

　　A. where B. when C. what D. why

　　20.Robots differ from automatic machines _____ after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.

　　A. so that B. in which C. given that D. in that

　　21. His name will be crossed out from the list _____ he makes the same mistake again.

　　A. if B. unless C. because D. though

　　22. Five minutes earlier， _____we may have caught the gunman.

　　A. and B. but C. or D. so

　　23. _____ I‘m supposed to work by myself， there are other people who I can interact with.

　　A. If only B. So long as C. Even if D. As far as

　　24. We hope that all the measures against sandstorms， _____ was put forward by the committee， will be considered seriously at the meeting .

　　A. while B. after C. since D. as

　　25. You are the best for the job _____ you apply your mind to it.

　　A. until B. if only C. in case D. unless

　　26. Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable， _____ there is no “absolute” time and space.

　　A. so that B. even if C. in case D. in order

　　27. In a sense， men of this kind begin not so much with a musical theme _____ with a completed composition.

　　A. but B. than C. as D. that

　　28. You must push away the many temptations that are always present _____ your schedule is useless.

　　A. and B. but C. or D. for

　　3. 比较级和最高级

　　1. The more time you waste， the _____（easy）it is to continue wasting time.

　　2.The _____ （far）away we get from the earth， the thinner the air becomes.

　　3.The greenest and _____ （plentiful） leaves are the leaves of grasses living all over the world.

　　4.We know that we are getting even older， and that the nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the _____ （old） its population is likely to be.

　　5.Large or fat people who want to look _____（small）than they are usually wear dark clothes.

　　6. As Jane was the _____ （old）， she looked after the other children in the family.

　　7. The effect of rapid travel on the body is actually far _____ （disturb） than we realize.

　　8. The _____ （far） away we get from the earth， the thinner the air becomes.

　　9.He was unable to sit still for _____ （long） than a few minutes.

　　10.The more stress you are under， _____ （likely） you are to catch a cold.

　　11. Is this because pupils from Britain‘s private schools are more intelligent than those from state schools， or are they simply _____ （well） prepared？

　　12. They are too easily regarded as evaluated certainties rather than as _____ （raw） of raw materials crying to be processed into the texture of logic.

　　13. The _______ （good） he feels， the more work he will do.

　　4. 词形转换

　　1.The continuing professional education of _____ （high） educated adults will become a third level in addition to undergraduate and professional or graduate work.

　　2.The explorers were puzzled over what to do next because they were in a _____ （trick） situation.

　　3.These electric appliances are all similar in construction but each one is _____ （specialize） in its function.

　　4. The child was playing _____ （danger） near the edge of the swimming pool.

　　5.We would like to take this opportunity to express our sincere _____（appreciate）of your help.

　　6.Robots， becoming ___（increase）prevalent in factories， are programmed and engineered to do more jobs.

　　7.The author of the text expresses a strong _____（disapprove）of working on and off frequently.

　　8. The government has taken measures to reduce the total energy ______（consume）。

　　5. 词汇和短语

　　1.Almost everything a manager does _____ decisions； indeed， some suggest that the management process is decision making.

　　A. imposes B. improvises C. involves D. indicates

　　2.Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space _____which matter has fallen and _____ which nothing can escape.

　　A. towards … towards B. into … from

　　C. out of … from D. through … through

　　3.American men don‘t cry because it is considered not _____ of men to do so.

　　A. characteristic B. tolerant C. symbolic D. independent

　　4.At the end of 1994 the British Government introduced new measures to help _____ domestic workers from abuse by their employers.

　　A. protect B. suspect C. expect D. inspect

　　5.The specific use of leisure _____ from individual to individual.

　　A. ranges B. distinguishes C. varies D. covers

　　6.Nations are _____ as “aged” when they have 7 per cent or more of their people aged 65 or above.

　　A. limited B. classified C. originated D. processed

　　7.It is touching to see how a cat or dog - especially a dog - _____ itself to family and wants to share in all its goings and comings.

　　A. attributes B. applies C. assigned D. attaches

　　8.She was more _____ than frightened.

　　A. surprising B. interested C. hated D. surprised

　　9.The attention of the public was continually _____ to new possibilities in scientific fields and the discovery of new knowledge.

　　A. applied B. drawn C. referred D. thrown

　　10.Few， _____ any，live their lives without some degree of unhappiness and suffering.

　　A. like B. except C. if D. when

　　11.Many women are too concerned _____ staying thin and they believe that vitamins are some kind of magic cure to replace food.

　　A. of B. by C. with D. on

　　12.In education， there should be a good balance among the branches of knowledge that contribute _____ effective thinking and wise judgment.

　　A. at B. in C. for D. to

　　13. _____ the numbers in employment， the hotel industry was the second largest industry in this country last year.

　　A. In line with B. In terms of C. In accordance with D. In proportion to

　　14.Air travel is so quick nowadays that we can leave London after breakfast and arrive in New York ____ eight hours.

　　A. in B. for C. after D. until

　　15.It is also true that the effect of a drug is much _____ upon youngsters than adults.

　　A. bigger B. fewer C. greater D. little

　　16.Because the reading _____ in most college courses are very heavy， students should plan to read every day.

　　A. assignments B. schedules C. activities D. programs

　　17.For long-time efficiency and happiness it is best to observe the _____ of health and sound working conditions.

　　A. principles B. ideas C. elements D. factors

　　18. _____ their differences， they fell passionately in love with each other.

　　A. As for B. Owing to C. Despite D. Through

　　19. _____ yourself to the job in hand， and you‘ll soon finish it.

　　A. Reply B. Imply C. Apply D. Supply

　　A. day B. date C. number D. time

　　21.I can‘t _____ the meaning of his poem because it’s too vague.

　　A. turn out B. put out C. figure out D. look out

　　22.Some people think that animal research is irrelevant _ our health and that it can often produce misleading results.

　　A. with B. at C. on D. to

　　23. These networks are on the _____ for warning signs that show the weakening of rock layers that can precede an earthquake.

　　A. eagerness B. alarm C. alert D. guard

　　24. _____ it was raining， many international tourists were having picnics in the woods.

　　A. In spite B. In spite of

　　C. In spite of that D. In spite of the fact that

　　25. The students would not have made so much progress under less _____conditions.

　　A. popular B. welcome C. favorable D. prosperous

　　26.The party has failed to _____ the majority of voters that it is capable of governing the country.

　　A. trust B. credit C. convince D. believe

　　27. _____ driving around all day looking for somewhere to park，why don‘t you take a bus to town？

　　A. In spite of B. Rather than C. In place of D. Other than

　　28.The kids are _____ be hungry when they get home-they always are.

　　A. obliged to B. bound to C. desired to D. motivated to

　　29.All the characteristics that distinguish birds _____ other animals can be traced to prehistoric times.

　　A. to B. between C. for D. from

　　30.When the city was _____， everyone knew that total defeat was certain.

　　A. cut off B. cut down C. cut across D. cut out

　　31.In his composition there were no other errors _____ a few misspelled words.

　　A. beside B. except C. then D. than

　　32. Is a phone conversation a good substitute _____a face-to-face talk？

　　A. for B. to C. of D. by

　　33. When we play a game， we enjoy what we are doing， _____ we should not play it.

　　A. instead B. otherwise C. nevertheless D. either

　　34. He asked Julia to marry him but she _____ his proposal.

　　A. turned up B. turned on C. turned over D. turned down

　　35. He said he wouldn‘t _____what would happen next.

　　A. guarantee B. speculate C. oppose D. promise

　　36. The literary critics should be as _________ as possible in analysis and judgment.

　　A. positive B. negative C. subjective D. objective

　　37. It took a long time for her to _____ the fact that her husband was dismissed.

　　A. come up against B. come up to C. come up with D. come to terms with

　　38. As activity carried _____ as one thinks fit in one‘s spare time， leisure has several functions.

　　A. on B. out C. off D. over

　　39. The other timing system belongs in our internal clocks， which， left ___ would tie the body to a 25-hour rhythm.

　　A. behind B. alone C. out D. aside

　　40. It has been years _____I returned home.

　　A. after B. that C. since D. when

　　41. We‘ ll keep you _____ any news.

　　A. up to date with B. in step with C. in line with D. in terms of

　　42. I‘d like to go to the cinema， but I’ m _____to.

　　A. enable B. disable C. unable D. able

　　43. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned _____ at the meeting.

　　A. down B. up C. out D. over

　　44. Contrary _____popular belief， moderate exercise actually decreases your appetite.

　　A. on B. at C. against D. to

　　45. _____ the storm， we have to postpone the flight.

　　A. Owing to B. Thanks to C. Because D. As

　　46. By using both ears one can tell the direction _____ a sound comes.

　　A. in which B. from which C. over which D. with which

　　47. When she worked with the government， she _____ the difficult task of monitoring elections.

　　A. overworked B. overtook C. underwent D. undertook

　　48. Apparently， it wasn‘t an accident. Someone must have done it on _____.

　　A. intention B. determination C. purpose D. reason

　　49. _____ conclusion， walking is a cheap， safe and enjoyable form of exercise.

　　A. In B. On C. By D. As

　　50. Julie went to the _____ to buy a pair of shoes.

　　A. shoes store B. shoe‘s store C. shoe store D. shoes’ store

　　51. He has called a meeting of all parties with a _____ to form a new government.

　　A. purpose B. reason C. view D. goal

　　52. Gazing into his eyes， she seemed to have _____ all he said.

　　A. taken up B. taken over C. taken off D. taken in

　　53. In every major city there are more _____apartments than there are homeless people.

　　A. blank B. vacant C. empty D. bare

　　54. They claim that _____$150 million is to be spent on improvement.

　　A. sufficiently B. approximately C. considerably D. properly

　　55. These two areas are similar _____that they both have a high rainfall during summer.

　　A. except B. so C. now D. in

　　56. It offers us a fuller sense of being intensely alive from _____ to moment.

　　A. time B. moment C. period D. instant

　　57. It may be worth remembering that _____ John Major didn‘t himself go to Oxford， most of his ministers did.

　　A. after B. since C. while D. if

　　58. The effects of rapid travel _____ the body are far more disturbing than we realize.

　　A. on B. in C. for D. to

　　59. Her powers of persuasion were _____ no avail.

　　A. for B. by C. with D. to

　　60. There is little likelihood that a panel of five wants to go through the _____of all shaking hands with you.

　　A. process B. prospect C. precedent D. presence

　　61. It is the right to change employers which _____employment from slavery.

　　A. distinguishes B. derives C. releases D. relieves

　　62. It is touching to see how a cat or dog _____ itself to a family and wants to share in all its goings and comings.

　　A. sacrifices B. opposes C. exposes D. attaches

　　63. A healthy self-esteem is a resource for coping when difficulties _____.

　　A. rise B. raise C. arise D. arouse

　　64. The challenge is not one of expansion _____. the rapid growth in enrollment over the last 40 years has come to an end.

　　A. As a result B. By all means C. In contrast D. On the contrary

　　65.Hey， leave _____！I hate people touching my hair.

　　A. behind B. out C. off D. over

　　66.I thought the problem of water shortage would _____ at the meeting but nobody mentioned it.

　　A. come up B. come up to C. come over D. come to

　　67.There is a deadlock （僵局） in the discussion when neither side gives _____ to the over .

　　A. a way B. way C. the way D. its way

　　68. This type of desk and chair can be adjusted _____ the height of students at different ages.

　　A. with B. for C. to D. in

　　69. The next generation of robots will have a sense of _____.

　　A. feel B. touch C. contact D. grasp

　　70. Scientists believe that you usually _____ to one idea at a time.

　　A. attend B. tend C. pretend D. extend

　　71. From a systems point of _____， problems have multiple causes.

　　A. sight B. idea C. perspective D. view

　　72. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be _____， some of them only recently recognized.

　　A. shown B. proposed C. derived D. added

　　73. He argues that euthanasia doesn‘t take into _____ that there are ways of caring for the dying.

　　A. opinion B. thought C. mind D. account

　　74. Two-thirds of the nation‘s voters still identify themselves _____ Democrats of Republicans.

　　A. for B. as C. by D. over

　　75.Since we have a focused subject， we should not talk _____.

　　A. at once B. at hand C. at intervals D. at random

　　76. It would be better to make a decision now， ______ leave it until next week.

　　A. other than B. rather than C. less than D. more than

　　77. We‘ll inform you as soon as tickets become ______.

　　A. valuable B. capable C. acceptable D. available

　　78. The foreign company has been______ running this factory for decades.

　　A. enormously B. effectively C. infinitely D. extremely

　　79. The two sisters are _____ in many ways， not only in appearance but also in temperament.

　　A. like B. likely C. alike D. lively

　　80. The purpose of the program is to provide training for employees so that they can work ______.

　　A. late B. later C. lately D. latest

　　A. above all B. in all C. at all D. after all

　　二、汉译英重要句型

　　1. 状语从句

　　1） 如果你坚持不听我的话，我就是要惩罚你。

　　If you persist in ignoring what I （have） said， I will punish you.

　　2） 如果你不努力学习，你就没有可能在竞赛中取胜。

　　If you do not study hard／work hard at your studied，you will stand no chance of winning / it will not be possible／it will be impossible for you to win in the contest.

　　3） 如果他被迫去做他不乐意做的事，他不可能高兴。

　　If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing， he cannot be happy.

　　4） 不论他怎么说，我也不相信他。

　　Whatever he says， I won‘t believe him.

　　5） 有些星辰的密度（density）达到某一点就会爆炸。

　　Some stars explode when their density increases to a certain point.

　　6） 直到最近我才意识到语言与文化密切相关。

　　I didn‘t realize that language was closely related to culture until （quite） recently that language and culture were so closely related to each other.

　　Not until （quite） recently did I realize that language was closely related to culture.

　　7） 我工作了一整天，所以你来看我时，我很疲倦。

　　I was very tired / exhausted when you came to see me， for I had been working the whole day.

　　8） 随着研究技术变得更加先进，用于实验的动物数量将会大大减少。

　　As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used in experiments will greatly decrease / decline / reduce / lower.

　　9） 虽然管理者不能预测未来，但他们的许多决策还是要求他们考虑到未来可能发生的事情。Although managers cannot predict the future， many of their decisions require that they consider/take into account possible future events.

　　10） 爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。

　　Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable， so there is no absolute time and space/so time and space are not absolute.

　　11） 我因打破了眼镜，所以看不清当时发生了什么事。

　　I had broken my glasses （，） so I couldn‘t see what was happening.

　　I couldn‘t see what was happening because I had broken my glasses. / because of my broken glasses.

　　Because I had broken my glasses， I couldn‘t see what was happening.

　　12） 我更喜欢住在乡村，因为那里空气污染不太严重。

　　I prefer to live in the country in that the air pollution there is less serious.

　　2. 名词从句

　　2） 不用说，我们现在已不是生活在传统社会。

　　It goes without saying that we are not living in a traditional society.

　　3） 你是否把所有的钱都从银行里取出来由你自己决定。

　　It‘s up to you whether you will withdraw all your money form the bank.

　　4） 他们是怎样按计划完成这项工程的仍然是个谜。

　　How they had completed the construction in time / as planned remained / is still a mystery.

　　5） 他能否按时到达，现在还不得而知。

　　It is not yet known／It is hard to say whether／if he will arrive／come on time.

　　6） 人们认为饭后散步有助消化。

　　It is believed that taking a walk after meals promotes digestion / is good to your stomach.

　　7） 他说的与事实完全相反。

　　What he said was totally opposed to the facts.

　　8） 科学家正在研究为什么白日梦（daydreaming）会有益于人们的健康。

　　Scientists are studying why daydreaming is beneficial/conducive to people‘s health.

　　9） 他的肤色与他是否是个好教授没有关系。

　　The color of his skin is irrelevant to whether he is a good professor or not.

　　10） 那位生物学家相信某些动物物种正受到灭绝的威胁。

　　The biologist is convinced / believes that some animal species are faced with the danger of extinction.

　　11） 我不知道他是否能够提供有力的证据。

　　I wonder if he can provide positive proof.

　　12） 爱因斯坦声称物质和能量是可以相互转化的，因此没有绝对的时间和空间。

　　Einstein claimed that matter and energy are interchangeable， so there is no absolute time and space/so time and space are not absolute.

　　13） 最新的研究成果表明，白日做梦是日常生活的一部分。

　　Recent research indicates that daydreaming is part of daily life.

　　14）你所说的与我们正在讨论的豪不相干。

　　What you said has nothing to do/has no relevance with what we are discussing.

　　3. 定语从句

　　1） 一个具有文学艺术欣赏力的人能胜任这项工作。

　　A person who appreciates / A person with appreciation of art and literature is qualified for the job.

　　2） 处理这项事务的政府部门没有做统计。

　　The government department that deals with this does not keep statistics.

　　3） 短缺并未严重到你报道的那种程度。

　　The shortage do not exist to the extent that you report.

　　4. 比较级和最高级

　　1） 快速旅行对人体的影响比我们意识到的要大得多。

　　The effects of rapid travel on the human body are much greater than we realize.

　　2） 一个社会的人口增长率越接近零，其人口便越老龄化。

　　The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the older its population is.

　　3） 近年来，计算机在各个领域的应用越来越广泛。

　　In recent years， the computer is finding wider and wider application in all fields.

　　4） 时间是世界上最容易浪费也是最难以把握的东西。

　　Time is the easiest thing in the world to waste and the most difficult thing to control.

　　5）男人的平均身高比女人高几英寸。

　　On the average， men are higher than women by several inches/several inches higher than women.

　　6）这次考试比我们预想的要难得多。

　　The test was much more difficult than we had expected.

　　5. 动词

　　1） 众所周知，即使同样的休闲活动，不同的人可能使用的方式也不相同。

　　It is well known that even the same leisure activity may be used differently by different individuals.

　　2） 据说那个病人曾要求医生助他一死。

　　The patient is said to have asked the doctor to help him die.

　　3） 几年前被认为不可能实施的手术现在医院都能做。

　　Operations that were considered impossible a few years ago can now be performed in many hospitals.

　　4） 绝大多数医学上的重大进步都是建立在动物研究基础上的。

　　Most of the major medical advances are based on animal research.

　　5） 演唱者是由他的学生担任钢琴伴奏的。

　　The singer was accompanied on the piano by his pupil.

　　6） 我们匆匆忙忙地赶回学校，生怕天会下雨。

　　We hurried back to school lest it should rain.

　　7） 三年前她曾在伦敦一家茶厂工作，工资很低。

　　Three years age she used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in London.

　　8） 将来还会有脑力劳动和体力劳动的区别吗？

　　Will there be any difference between the mental and the manual labor in the future？

　　9） 警察已着手对这个案子进行细致、全面的调查。

　　The police have taken a detailed and comprehensive investigation into the case.

　　10） 人们对于如何达到这个目标有不同的看法。

　　People have different ideas／views about how to attain the goal.

　　11） 现在的问题不是读什么书而是怎样读书。

　　The problem now is not what to read，but how to read.

　　6. 强调句

　　那时在大学生中流行的正是民间音乐。

　　At that time it was folk music that was popular among college students.

　　1） 这与其说取决于候选人的个人特点不如说取决于外部因素。

　　This depends on external factors rather than on a candidate‘s personal characteristics

　　2） 机器人将要在哪些领域替代人的工作呢？

　　In what fields will robots take over human tasks？

　　3） 在表达自己的意见时，我们应该力求客观。 .

　　In expressing our opinions， we should try to be as objective as possible.

　　4） 从某种程度上来说，她的失败是由于运气不好。

　　To some degree， she owed her failure to bad luck.

　　5） 图书管理员要求学生读完杂志后放回原处。

　　The librarian asked the students to replace the magazines after reading.

　　6） 他对妻子要离开他的威胁没有在意。

　　He took no notice of his wife‘s threat to leave him.

　　7） 这个由10人组成的委员会一致支持这一决定。

　　The panel / committee / board consisting of /（which was）composed of/（which was）made up of/which consisted of/ten/10 member supported the decision with one voice / all supported the decision.

　　8） 科学家们将不得不提出增加世界粮食供应的新办法。

　　Scientists will have to come up with new methods of increasing the world‘s food supply.

　　9） 企业必须对市场需求敏感。

　　Enterprises must be sensitive to the demand of the market.

　　10） 高薪和福利都不能取悦工人们。

　　Neither the benefits nor the high pay appeals to / pleases the workers. Neither the high pay nor the benefits appeal to / please the workers.

　　11） 每个人都可以培养自己的兴趣。

　　Everybody can cultivate / take to his （own） interests.

　　12） 除了英语，他们还得学一门第二外语。

　　In addition to / Besides English， they have to learn a second foreign language.

　　13） 二十世纪六十年代美国民间音乐除表现爱情与希望外，还表现反战情绪。

　　The American folk music in the 1960‘s expressed anti-war sentiments as well as love and hope.

　　14） 所有的理论都来源于实践，并反过来为实践服务。

　　All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.

　　15） 候选人都尽力突出表现一种强有力的领导的形象。

　　Candidates try to project a strong leadership image.

　　16） 这家航空公司经营五条主干线和二十条支线。

　　This air line operates five main lines and twenty branch lines.

　　17） 这次考试不及格人数多得惊人。

　　The number of failures in the examination is surprisingly large.

　　18） 人们对于如何达到这个目标有不同的看法。

　　People have different ideas／views about how to attain the goal.

　　19） 这个小伙子偷偷把一块表塞进口袋，没让老师看到。

　　This young man slipped a watch into his pocket without the teacher‘s knowing it/being noticed by the teacher.

　　20）教育应该使每个学生德、智、体全面发展。

　　Education should enable every student to develop morally， intellectually and physically.

　　21）这本书对读者产生了很大影响。

　　The book has made a great impact/had a great effect/influence on its readers.

　　三、教材课文中的重点句

　　Unit 1

　　1. The purpose of making a decision is to establish and achieve organizational goals and objectives.

　　2. Managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.

　　3. For managers， every decision has constraints based on policies， procedures， laws， precedents， and the like.

　　4. But the tendency to simplify blinds them to other alternatives.

　　5. Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best-that is， which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.

　　6. Because different individuals frequently have different ideas about how to attain the goals， the best choice may depend on who makes the decision.

　　7. When presented with a common case， sales managers tend to see sales problems， production managers see production problems， and so on.

　　8. People often assume that a decision is an isolated phenomenon.

　　9. The literary critics should be as objective as possible in analysis and judgment.

　　10. She is always ready to argue over the smallest issues.

　　11. I argued him out of going on such a dangerous journey.

　　12. Although he thought he was helping us with the job， he was only in the way.

　　Unit 2

　　13. The terms we would normally use to describe a scientific phenomenon are inadequate here.

　　14. Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.

　　15. The collapse of a star may produce a White Dwarf or a neutron star-a star， whose matter is so dense that it continually shrinks by the force of its own gravity.

　　16. Imagine the earth reduced to the size of a marble， but still having the same mass and a stronger gravitational pull， and you have some idea of the force of a black hole.

　　17. Some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.

　　18. This process of shrinking may be so intense that a black hole results.

　　19. It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.

　　20. There might be a massive black hole at the center of our galaxy swallowing up stars at a very rapid rate.

　　21. Very advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.

　　22. He has exerted all his strength to attain his goal.

　　23. He has been exerting a lot of pressure on me to change my mind.

　　24. The collapse of the government left the country in confusion.

　　25. The research group launched out into a series of new experiments.

　　Unit 3

　　26. Each time it is shown， the program starts a nationwide debate on the subject.

　　27. In addition to this， a second doctor must confirm that these criteria have been met.

　　28 In the vast majority of euthanasia cases， what the patient is actually asking for is something else.

　　29. Euthanasia doesn‘t take into account that there are ways of caring for the dying.

　　30. Anything that legally allows the shortening of life does make those people more vulnerable. Instructions will be sent immediately on request.

　　31. Instructions will be sent immediately on request.

　　32. Many people opposed building a new highway because of the great cost.

　　33. She bore the whole burden of raising two children alone.

　　34. Students are heavily burdened with home assignments.

　　35. The committee demands that no member （should） be absent.

　　Unit 4

　　36. There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.

　　37. And they can have their passports removed， making leaving or “escaping” virtually impossible.

　　38. Of these 20，000， just under 2000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.

　　39. In one of them， a Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder， despite protests from various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.

　　40. I was supposed to be paid ￡120 but I never received that amount.

　　41. My employers always threatened to report me to the Home Office or the police.

　　42. Many people doubt whether this will successfully reduce the incidence of abuse.

　　43. So if they do complain， they risk being deported.

　　44. It is the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.

　　45. The student exploits every possibility to learn English.

　　46. Our country is launching a campaign against waste.

　　47. We should be always aware of the status of world affairs.

　　48. There are likely to be more difficulties than you were prepared for.

　　49. The new music was built out of materials already in existence.

　　50. What happened， as well as it can be put into words， was this.

　　51. They freely took over elements from jazz， from American country music， and as time went on from even more diverse sources.

　　52. What developed was a music readily taking on various forms and capable of an almost limitless range of expression.

　　53. In studio recordings， new techniques made possible effects that not even an electronic band could produce live.

　　54. Electronic amplifiers also made possible a fantastic increase in volume， the music becoming as loud and penetrating as the human ear could stand…

　　55. Often music was played out of doors， where nature provided the environment.

　　56. The social and political transformation of a country is essential to the development of the society.

　　57. All theories originate from practice and in turn serve practice.

　　Unit 6

　　58. Robots， becoming increasingly prevalent in factories and industrial plants throughout the developed world， are programmed and engineered to perform industrial tasks without human intervention.

　　59. The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials， preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.

　　60. Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task， they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.

　　61. Other engineers are writing new programs allowing robots to make decisions such as whether to discard defective parts in finished products.

　　62. These future robots， assembled with a sense of touch and the ability to see and make decisions， will have plenty of work to do.

　　63. Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.

　　64. His words cast a new light on the problem.

　　65. We should be aware of the dangers of exposing children to violence on TV.

　　Unit7

　　66. People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure and what they can do in their leisure time.

　　67. Generally speaking， the quality of life， especially as seen by the individual， is meaningful in terms of the degree to which these various areas of life are available or provide satisfaction to the individual.

　　68. The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.

　　69. Experiences of a different nature， be it television watching or bird-watching， can lead to a self-renewal and a more “balanced” way of life.

　　70. Such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that leisure can and should be put to good use.

　　71. To impart positive leisure attitudes to the general public is essential for motivating them to use their leisure in creative and satisfying ways.

　　72. It can be argued that the people with whom we come into contact in these various contexts are all likely to have exerted some influence in shaping our attitudes， interests and even skills relevant to how we handle leisure.

　　73. The more seriously this is sought， the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.

　　74. You have to attach a label to a box while posting it.

　　75. We should make our lives relevant to the needs of the country.

　　76. He always has some positive ideas on company policy.

　　Unit 8

　　77. The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time.

　　78. The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize.

　　79. He later blamed his poor judgment on Jet Lag.

　　80. Now that we understand what Jet Lag is， we can go some way to overcoming it.

　　81. In time， the physiological system will reset itself， but it does take time.

　　82. It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone.

　　83. That is by no means the best way of proceeding.

　　84. He didn‘t take alarm at the news.

　　85. The pianist promoted a grand benefit concert.

　　86. He didn‘t want to be tied to a steady job.

　　Unit 9

　　87. The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth， the older its population is likely to be-at least， for any future that concerns us now.

　　88. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added， some of them only recently recognized.

　　89. There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.

　　90. Taken together， these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.

　　91. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere，… that we have grown so old.

　　92. Long life is altering our society， of course， but in experiential terms.

　　93. But too much of that lengthened experience， even in the wealthy West， will be experience of poverty and neglect， unless we do something about it.

　　94. Your account of what happened approximates to the real facts.

　　95. His earnings are out of all proportion to his skill and ability.

　　Unit 10

　　96. A minor-party or independent candidate，… can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.

　　97. Party loyalty has declined in recent decades， but more than two-thirds of the nation‘s voters still identify themselves as Democrats or Republicans.

　　98. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action， they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.

　　99. The slogan was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation‘s slow-moving economy.

　　100. As in 1980， when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times， the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.

　　101. Whether voters accept this image， however， depends more on external factors than on a candidate‘s personal characteristics.

　　102. As in 1980， when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times， the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.

　　103. Bush tried to stir images of his strong leadership of the war， but voters remained concerned about the economy.

　　104. The invention is going to cause a big stir in the world.

　　105. You should save up money to make provision for the future.

　　106. Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.

　　107. It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.

　　108. If thalidomide were invented today， it would never be released for human use because new tests on pregnant animals would reveal the dangers.

　　109. The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years

　　110. One experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat‘s leg， leaving its leg paralysed.

　　111. Even with these new developments in research， only a tiny proportion of all tests are done without using animals at some stage.

　　112. The use of animals in experiments cannot stop immediately if medical research is to continue and consumer products are to be properly tested.

　　113. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body， we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.

　　114. As research techniques become more advanced， the number of animals used in experiments may decrease， but stopping testing on animals altogether is a long way away.

　　115. I was surprised to see his room in such a litter.

　　116. The conditions that existed ten years ago are reproduced today.

　　Unit 12

　　117. Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies.

　　118. At its best， daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.

　　119. As with anything carried to excess， daydreaming can be harmful.

　　120. There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.

　　121. Daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth， power of concentration， and the ability to interact and communicate with others.

　　122. Daydreaming resulted in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.

　　123. Contrary to popular belief， constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is， in reality， one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it.

　　124. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with， he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.

　　125. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.

　　126. Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mental well-being.

　　127. Escape being impossible， the rabbit turned to confront the dog.

　　128. The difficulties that confront us cannot be overcome.

　　Unit 13

　　129. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing， or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.

　　130. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished， the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it.

　　131. What from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.

　　132. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends， not on the job itself， but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.

　　133. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population， that is to say， its laborers， will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.

　　134. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible.

　　135. Workers seldom commit acts of violence， because they can put their aggression into their work， be it physical like the work of a smith， or mental like the work of a scientist or an artist.

　　136. They were often compelled to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.

　　137. The police undertook detailed and comprehensive investigations into the case.

　　Unit 14

　　138. The device， though， would do much more than capture a lecture.

　　139. It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein‘s shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.

　　140. Grabbing Weinstein by the jaw， the attacker told her he had a gun and forced her into the Camry.

　　141. It was there， police believe， that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag.

　　142. Her power of persuasion were to no avail.

　　143. Weinstein‘s body， with hands and feet bound， was discovered by a hiker on March 144. Given her fate， the name of the program has a heartbreaking resonance to it：

　　Random Acts of Kindness.

　　145. The operation fostered hope in the patient.

　　146. We protested but to no avail.

　　147. He was firmly convinced that risk accompanies decisions.

　　Unit 15

　　148. The computer makes possible a marvellous leap in human proficiency.

　　149. But the question persists and indeed grows whether the computer will make it easier or harder for human beings to know who they really are…。

　　150. There may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom， just as there has always been a tendency to confuse logic with values， and intelligence with insight.

　　151. To the extent， then， that man fail to distinguish between the intermediate operations of electronic intelligence and the ultimate responsibilities of human decision， the computer could prove a digression.

　　152. It may promote undue confidence in concrete answers.

　　153. …before we lose ourselves in celebrating the victory， we might reflect on the great advances in the human situation that have come about because men were challenged by error and would not stop thinking and exploring until they found better approaches for dealing with it.

　　154. For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.

　　155. Even to speculate on it is a gain.

　　156. If you persist in ignoring my instructions， I shall have to punish you.

　　157. His ultimate goal is too distant and shadowy to obtain.

　　158. Despite their differences， their love will conquer.

　　159. It has taken him a long time to come to terms with the fact that he won‘t be able to go to college.