[虚拟语气]混合条件句有时,主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间,主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同,这种条件句叫做混合条件句。例如:
If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他,今天就知道做什么了。
(从句与过去事实相反,主句与现在事实相反。)
If it had rained last night(过去), it would be very cold today (现在)。如果昨晚下过雨,今天就会很冷了。
[虚拟语气]虚拟条件句的倒装
虚拟条件句的从句部分含有were, should, 或had时, 可省略if,再把were, should或had 移到从句的句首,实行倒装。例如:
Were they here now, they could help us. =If they were here now, they could help us.他们现在在的话,就会帮助我们了。
Had you come earlier, you would have met him. =If you had come earlier, you would have met him.你来得早一点,就碰到他了。
Should it rain, the crops would be saved. =Were it to rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨,庄稼就有救了。
注意:在虚拟语气的从句中,动词'be'的过去时态一律用"were",不用was,即在从句中be用were代替。例如:
If I were you, I would go to look for him. 如果我是你,就会去找他。
If he were here, everything would be all right. 如果他在这儿,一切都会好的。
典型例题
_____ to do the work, I should do it some other day.
A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I
答案C. 在虚拟条件状语中如果有were, should, had这三个词,通常将if省略,主语提前, 变成 were, should, had +主语的形式。但要注意,在虚拟条件状语从句中,省略连词的倒装形式的句首不能用动词的缩略形式。如我们可说 Were I not to do, 而不能说 Weren't I to do.
[虚拟语气]特殊的虚拟语气词should
1)在主语从句中的应用
It is demanded / necessary / a pity + that…等结构的主语从句,谓语动词用should 加动词原形,should 可省略。
It is | 可用的词有三类 | that | (should)do |
suggested, ordered, required, proposed, demanded, requested, insisted等 |
important, necessary, natural, imperative, strange等 |
a pity, a shame, no wonder等 |
2)在宾语从句中的应用
在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中,像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command, insist + (should) do等。例如:
I suggest that we (should) hold a meeting next week. 我建议下周召开个会议。
He insisted that he (should ) be sent there.他要求被派到那儿去。
注意:如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时",即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时,宾语从句用陈述语气。
判断改错: (错) You pale face suggests that you(should)be ill.
(对) Your pale face suggests that you are ill.
(错) I insisted that you(should)be wrong.
(对) I insisted that you were wrong.
3)在表语从句,同位语从句中的应用
suggestion, proposal, idea, plan, order, advice等名词后面的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气,即(should)+动词原形。例如:
My idea is that we(should)get more people to attend the conference.我的想法是让更多的人来参加会议。
I make a proposal that we(should)hold a meeting next week.我提了个建议,下周我们开个会。