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自考“英语(一)”笔记(61——70)  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 20:22:34 [只看该作者]

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Text A  Panic and Its Effects

  本课主要单词

  1.panic vi. 恐慌,惊慌      n. 恐慌,惊慌

  panic-stricken adj. 惊慌失措的

  1)The crowd panicked at the ringing of the siren.(听到警报器响,人群惊慌失措。)

  2)Don't panic,Sit still keep calm.(不要惊慌,安静地坐着保持冷静。)

  3)The little boy panicked when thinking about the punishment he might get from his master.(想到主人可能会给他的惩罚,那个小男孩惊恐不安。)

  4)We didn't want to start a panic on the stock exchange.(我们不想引起证券交易恐慌。)

  5)The panic-stricken mother is looking for her child.(那位惊恐万状的母亲在寻找她的孩子。)

  6)The panic-stricken crowd rushed to the emergency exit.(惊恐万状的人群朝紧急出处口跑去。)(请注意,当panic用做动词时,其过去式是panicked,进行式是panicking.)

  2.severe adj. serious(严重的);strict(严厉的);艰难的

  1)He felt a severe pain in his left leg.(他感到左腿一阵剧痛。)

  2)They had a severe shortage of food.(他们的食品严重短缺。)

  3)He is very severe with his children.(他对孩子们很严厉。)

  4)He had a severe look on his face.(他脸上神色严肃。)

  5)A severe competition is waiting for them.(激烈的竞争在等待着他们。)

  6)Severe weather conditions hindered the rescue.(风雨交加的天气妨碍了营救。)

  3.accompany vt. 陪伴;伴随;为…伴奏

  1)She asked me to accompany her to the supermarket.(她让我陪她去超市。)

  2)He was accompanied to the party by a friend.(他由朋友陪同去参加聚会。)

  3)She came out of the house accompanied by her husband.(她在丈夫的陪同下走出了那座房屋。)

  4)A high fever often accompanies a mild infection.(轻微的炎症常常伴有高烧。)

  4.shortness n.(长度、距离或持续的时间)短;缺乏,不足

  1)The shortness of the trip relieved his anxiety.(行程的短暂减轻了他的焦虑。)

  2)Shortness of breath is one of the symptoms of a heart attack.(气急是心脏病的症状之一。)

  short adj. 短的;近的;不足的

  1)He has his hair cut short.(他剪短了头发。)

  2)The bus stop is a short walk from our school.(汽车站离我们学校不远,走一会儿就到。)

  3)Water is short in this area.(这个地区缺水。)

  4)We are short of hands, will you come to help us?(我们缺少人手,你能来帮我们吗?)

  5)They were running short of food.(他们的食品快吃完了。)

  5.nearby adj. adv. 附近的;在附近

  1)He was sent to the nearby hospital by his fellow workers.(他被同事送进了附近的医院。)

  2)She threw the key into the nearby bushes.(她把钥匙扔进了附近的灌木丛。)

  3)There is a supermarket nearby.(附近有一家超市。)

  4)The car stopped nearby.(汽车在附近停下。)

  6.diagnose v. 诊断;调查分析原因;判断

  dia-是一个前缀,通常表示“通过;在两者之间”的意思。如

  diagram(图表,图样);dialogue(对话)

  1)The doctor diagnosed the illness as flu.(医生诊断这病为流行性感冒。)

  2)The expert is diagnosing the pupil's reading difficulties.(专家正在找寻这个学生阅读困难的原因。)

  3)It is necessary to diagnose the cause of the economic and political decline.(有必要对经济和政治衰退的原因进行分析。)

  diagnosis n. 诊断

  1)He is sure his diagnosis will be confirmed.(他肯定自己的诊断会得以证实。)

  2)The boy's fever led to a diagnosis of pneumonia.(那男孩的发烧被诊断为肺炎所致。)

  7.moreover adv. 而且,此外

  1)I don't want to go swimming and, moreover,it is not warm enough.(我不想去游泳,再说天气也不够暖和。)

  2)The proposal was not well thought out; moreover,it was impractical.(这个建议本身就考虑得不周全,再说也不实际。)

  8.conduct v. 处理,管理;指挥;传导    n. 举止,行为

  1)They are conducting a survey of the region.(他们正对那一地区进行调查。)

  2)He is conducting the Boston Symphony Orchestra.(他正在指挥波士顿交响乐队。)

  3)Copper conducts electricity.(铜导电。)

  4)His conduct at the dinner party was disgraceful.(他在晚宴上的举止很丢人。)

  5)The government's conduct of the affair was satisfactory.(政府对这件事的处理是令人满意的。)

  9.disclose v. reveal(使显露;揭露,泄露)

  1)The surgeon took off his cap and surgical mask, disclosing a young and smart face.(外科医生除去手术帽和口罩,露出了一张年轻帅气的脸。)

  2)Make sure that he won't disclose the information to anybody.(确保他不会把消息泄露给任何人。)

  3)He reluctantly disclosed his views about this issue.(他很不情愿地透露了自己对这一议题的看法。)

  10.recurrent adj. happening many times(一再发生的;复发的)

  recur v. happen again(再发生,再现;回归)

  re-是一个前缀,意思是again(再次),如:recall(回忆),renew(更新);restore(恢复);revisit(重游)。

  cur是个词根,意思是run(流,跑),如:excursion(远足),occur(发生),concurrent(同时的,一致的)

  -ent是一个形容词后缀,如:ardent(热情的),obedient(服从的),prudent(谨慎的)

  1)We should pay attention to this recurrent spelling mistake.(我们应该注意这个经常发生的拼写错误。)

  2)The recurrent dream really disturbed him.(那个一再出现的梦的确令他不安。)

  3)If this cheating recurs, you will be expelled from school.(如果这样的作弊行为再发生,你将被开除出校。)

  4)His illness is likely to recur.(他的病可能复发。)

  5)Let's recur to what you mentioned just now.(让我们回到你刚才提到的话题上。)

  11.symptom n. 征候,征兆

  1)Fever is a symptom of illness.(发烧是患病的一种症状。)

  2)Most infections are contagious before any symptoms are noticed.(许多传染病在发现症状之前都已具有传染性。)

  3)The common symptom in these patients was poor appetite.(这些病人的共同症状是胃口不好。)

  12.bear v. 忍受;负担;结(果实),生(孩子)

  1)It was painful of course but I bore it.(这当然很痛苦,但我忍受住了。)

  2)It would be unjust for him to bear full responsibility for this accident.(让他为这起事故负全部责任是不公正的。)

  3)She had borne him a daughter.(她为他生了个女儿。)

  4)Some plants only bear fruit once every 25 years.(有些植物每25年才结一次果。)

  请注意bear,endure,stand,tolerate,put up with的区别。这几个词或词组的共同意思是“忍受”或“容忍”。

  bear和stand主要指对饥寒、疼痛、不幸、损失、困难等的忍受和承受;endure主要指对重大灾祸和困难的长时间地忍受;tolerate主要指容忍和自己的愿望相反的事;put up with指某些不愉快的或有轻微伤害的事情。

  bear多用于强调忍受的能力,不太强调其态度;endure则强调默默地、无怨言地忍受,但不屈服;stand强调自我约制、不屈不挠;tolerate强调宽恕和耐力。

  bear是个普通用语,而stand,put up with多用于口语中,endure比较正式,语气较强。

  1)I can't bear / stand black tea.(我喝不惯红茶。)

  2)The pain was almost more than he could bear.(疼痛几乎使他不能忍受。)

  3)She had endured great pain for several years.(她已忍受了几年极大的痛苦。)

  4)I cannot put up with your behavior any longer.(我再也不能忍受你的行为了。)

  5)The school cannot tolerate cheating on exams.(学校不容许作弊。)

  13.victim n. 牺牲品,受害者

  1)He was a victim of the second world war.(他是第二次世界大战的受害者。)

  2)They are trying to give some help to those flood victims.(他们正试图给水灾难民提供帮助。)

  3)After about two weeks,the victim's hair started to fall out.(大约两周后,受害人开始掉头发。)

  14.uneasy adj. 心神不安的,担心的,忧虑的

  1)He is uneasy about his future.(他为自己的前途担忧。)

  2)She looked uneasy but promised to follow his advice.(她看上去很不安,但答应听他的劝告。)

  3)She had an uneasy feeling that she was unlikely to get the job.(她有一种不安的感觉,觉得自己不可能得到那份工作。)

  4)Beneath his unease I sensed a nice nature.(在他拘谨的外表下,我感到他有一颗善良的心。)

  5)They worried a lot about the social unease.(他们对社会的不安定感到焦虑。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 20:30:01 [只看该作者]

15.claim v. 声称,主张;对…提出要求,索取   n. 主张;断言

  1)One organization has claimed responsibility for the bombing.(已有一个组织声称这次爆炸是他们干的。)

  2)She claimed to have told the truth.(她声称她说的是实话。)

  3)He claimed that he had nothing to do with them.(他声称自己与他们毫无关系。)

  4)No one came to claim on this box.(没人来认领这个盒子。)

  5)An old man claimed the watch.(一位老人认领了那块手表。)

  6)The matter claims our attention.(这事需要我们予以注意。)

  7)They have put forward a claim for compensation.(他们已经提出索赔。)

  8)Having made such a bold claim,she finds it hard to admit she was wrong.(作出了如此大胆的断言,她发现要承认自己错了很难。)

  9)His claim to the property was denied.(他对财产的所有权被否决了。)

  16.multiplicity n. 多种多样,多样性

  1)We are all amazed at the multiplicity of the nature.(大自然的多样性令我们大家惊奇。)

  2)They found a multiplicity of errors in the article.(他们在文章中发现了许多错误。)

  3)How could he cope with a multiplicity of duties.(他怎能应付这繁多的职责?)

  multiple adj. 多个的,多种的;许多的

  1)He got a multiple entry visa.(他签到了多次入境签证。)

  2)They have made multiple achievements in the past five years.(在过去的五年中,他们取得了种种成就。)

  17.endanger v. 危害

  请注意这个词是由动词前缀en-加名词danger构成的,英语中,这一类词很多,如encourage(鼓励),enlist(入伍;协助),enrage(激怒),entrust(委托)等等。

  1)His health is endangered by overwork.(他的健康因劳累过度而受到损害。)

  2)They claimed that the herbicides would not endanger human life.(他们声称这些除草剂不会危及人的生命。)

  18.disrupt v. 使破裂;扰乱

  1)The war disrupted the economy.(战争扰乱了经济。)

  2)Traffic was disrupted by the snow storm.(交通因暴风雪而中断。)

  3)Their misunderstanding disrupted the partnership.(他们之间的误解使他们散伙。)

  disruption n. 破裂,混乱

  1)The whole factory was in disruption.(整个工厂一片混乱。)

  2)The incident led to the disruption of the family.(那件事导致了家庭的破裂。)

  19.eventually adv. 终于,最终

  eventual adj. 最后的,结果的

  1)He eventually realized that he was wrong.(他终于意识到自己错了。)

  2)They eventually took over the company.(他们终于接管了那家公司。)

  3)His mistake led to his eventual dismissal.(他的错误致使他最终被解雇。)

  4)He is sure about his eventual success.(他肯定自己最终会成功。)

  20.confirm v. 证实,肯定;批准,确认

  1)You need to confirm your reservations 48 hours in advance.(你需要提前48小时确定预订。)

  2)The rumor is confirmed.(谣传被证实了。)

  3)Her remarks confirmed me in my belief that the young man was innocent.(她的话使我进一步认定那个年轻男子是清白的。)

  4)The United Nations has confirmed the treaty.(联合国已批准了这项条约。)

  本课简介

  越来越多的美国人会在一生中一次或多次地经历惊吓症。惊吓症的症状与心脏病的症状极其相似,于是得了惊吓症的人往往误认为自己得了心脏病。那么惊吓症与心脏病如何区别?心脏病的症状只是气急和疼痛,而惊吓症则会有如下的表现:1)对一些极寻常的情况惊恐不安;2)气急、胸痛。心跳加快,突然发抖,周围的人或物变得虚幻;3)恐惧死亡或疯狂;4)发病年龄在20-30岁;5)女性多于男性; 6)症状多样化;7)大量饮酒和使用药物的人多发。惊吓症虽然不会对人的生命产生直接危害,但是专家们建议最好向医生咨询,如果确实患有惊吓症,则需要心理和药物治疗。

  本课主要语言点

  1.…suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by shortness of breath.

  哪个部位的疼痛,通常用pain in…来表示,比如:a pain in the abdomen(腹部疼痛),a pain in the chest(胸部疼痛)。当然我们也可以用abdomen pain,chest pain 来表达。而a pain in the neck 则是指“令人讨厌或恼火的人或事”)。

  pain是个常用词,可以做名词用也可以做动词用。

  1)No pains, no gains.(不劳则无获。)

  2)Father went to great pains to stress the importance of independence.(父亲煞费苦心地强调独立的重要性。)

  3)The death of his daughter gave the old man much pain. (女儿的去世令那位老人极为悲痛。)

  4)My left leg is paining.(我的左腿痛。)

  5)It pains her to see him thinner from illness.(看到他因病日渐消瘦,她心里很难过。)

  be accompanied by 意为“由…伴随”;如:

  1)He burst into the room accompanied by his body guards.(他在保镖的伴随下闯进屋里。)

  2)Pneumonia is often accompanied by fever and cough. (肺炎常常伴有发烧和咳嗽。)

  2.Her husband immediately rushed Anne to a nearby hospital where her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic,and not a heart attack.

  请注意“rush”在本句中的用法。在此作及物动词用。如:

  1)He rushed the tourists round the sights. (他带着游客们匆匆参观了各处名胜。)

  2)The ambulance rushed him to a hospital.(救护车火速送他进医院。)

  3)Let me think about it and don't rush me.(让我把这件事想一下,别催我。)

  在大多数情况下rush作不及物动词和名词用。如:

  1)The rain rushed against the house.(暴雨冲打着屋子。)

  2)The reporters are rushing to the scene.(记者们正赶往现场。)

  3)Blood rushed to his face when the young man offered to buy him a pudding.

  (当那位年轻人提出给他买个蛋糕时,血涌上了他的脸。)

  4)There is no rush.(不用急急忙忙的。)

  5)She felt a sudden rush of dizziness.(她感到一阵眩晕。)

  6)He went to America during the Californian gold rush.(他在加利福尼亚淘金热时去了美国。)

  nearby 可以做形容词用,也可以做副词用,在本句中用作形容词,修饰其后的名词hospital.

  diagnose…as… 把…诊断为…,如:

  1)His failure was diagnosed as being caused by carelessness.(他的失败被判定为由粗心所致。)

  2)The doctor diagnosed her illness as diabetes.(医生诊断她的病是糖尿病。)

  因为句子中的as是介词,在介词后要用动名词,又由于需用被动语态,所以出现了having been caused by的形式。

  3.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters.

  本句中的like是一个出现频率很高的词,在下列例句中,like用作介词:

  1)She is like a bird.(如像鸟儿一样。)

  2)It was not like him to forget her birthday.(他才不会把她的生日忘记呢。)

  3)I feel like sleeping.(我想睡觉。)

  4)It looks like a clear day tomorrow. (明天看来会是晴天。)

  5)He acts like a grown up person.(他的举止行动像成人。)

  experienced by Anne Peters 在句子中做定语,修饰the one .

  1)I don't like the one chosen by him.(我不喜欢他选择的那一个。)

  2)The camera bought by Xiao Li is stolen.(小李买的那个相机被偷了。)

  4.The symptoms of panic attacks bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attacks that many victims believe that they are indeed having a heart attack.

  通常我们用so…that…。 表示“如此……以致于……” .本句中的such ,是因为so只能用来修饰形容词和副词,而名词(名词短语)则要用 such 来修饰,如:

  1)He ran so fast that no one could catch up with him.(他跑得这样快,没人能赶上他。)

  2)This book is so interesting that he doesn't want to put is down.(这本书太有意思了,他都不想把书放下。)

  3)It was such a sunny day that he wanted to go out to enjoy the warm sunshine.(天气如此睛朗,他想出去享受这温暖的阳光。)

  在形容词similar的后面通常用介词 to,使用名词 similarity 时,其后也用 to.如:

  1)My problems are similar to yours.(我的问题与你的类似。)

  2)The two cats are similar to each other in appearance and size.(这两只猫的模样和大小相仿。)

  3)Liverpool has a certain similarity to Marseilles.(利物浦和马赛有某种相像。)

  句子中的those 代指symptoms.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:00:38 [只看该作者]

5.A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.

  请注意本句中seize这个动词的词意及用法。

  1)抓住;抓住(时机等),利用

  The police seized him by the collar.(警察抓住了他的衣领。)

  Seizing the bowl, he ran off through the door.(他抓起碗冲出门去。)

  He seized the chance to study abroad.(他抓住了那次去国外学习的机会。)

  2)逮捕

  He was seized outside the city.(他在市郊被捕获。)

  The escaped prisoner was seized on Sunday.(逃犯于周日被抓获。)

  3)(常用被动语态)(疾病)侵袭;(情绪)支配

  The old man was seized by a stroke.(那位老人中风了。)

  She was seized with jealousy.(她妒火中烧。)

  Panic seized the people in the cave.(洞里的人们惊慌失措。)

  “seize”也可用不及物动词,如:

  1)He would seize on (upon) any excuse to justify himself.(他会利用一切借口为自己辩解。)

  2)He was determined to seize on (upon) the opportunity to leave his employer a good impression.(他决心抓住这个机会给他的雇主留下好印象。)

  6.There has been a lot of explanations as to the causes of panic attacks.

  本句中的as to 意思是about(关于),如:

  1)John has been given no directions as to what to write. (没人对约翰说明该写什么。)

  2)I have no doubt as to his honesty.(对他的诚实,我毫无疑问。)

  3)I was asked my opinion as to why he refused our help.(对他为什么拒绝我们的帮助,我被要求发现见解。)

  7.It is reported that there are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from a panic attack rather than a heart attack.

  It + be + -ed 分词 +that从句……that引导的是一个主语从句, it 做形式主语放在句首。如:

  1)It is often stated that Shakespeare was born on April 23, 1564.(人们常说莎士比亚生于1564年4月23日。)

  2)It is believed that he has told the truth.(人们相信他说了实话。)

  3)It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.(众所周知,光以直线运行。)

  rather than在本句中的意思是“不是……而是……”,如:

  1)He lay rather than sat in his armchair.(他躺在扶手椅里而不是坐在里面。)

  2)The freckles over her face were an added attraction rather than otherwise.(她脸上的雀斑不但无损容貌反而令她更动人。)

  8.Dr. Crocker's advice to any person who thinks he is suffering from a panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical examination to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first.

  to在本句中用作介词,advice to sb. 意为“给某人的劝告”,如:

  1)My advice to you is that you should be more polite to other people.(我对你的劝告是你应该对别人更礼貌一些。)

  2)The teacher's advice to me was to study harder.(老师劝我学习更努力。)

  consult在本句中的意思是“请教,咨询”,如:

  1)He consulted the doctor about his illness.(他找那位医生看病。)

  2)Your baby is losing weight, you should consult your doctor promptly.(你的孩子体重在下降,你应该立即去向医生咨询。)

  rule out的意思是“排除”,如:

  1)Police have ruled out murder but are still holding several people for questioning.(警方排除他杀的可能,但仍留了一些人审问。

  2)He ruled out the possibility that he could fight again.(他排除了再度出战的可能性。)

  本课主要词组

  1. be accompanied by

  2. shortness of

  3. rush sb. to (a place)

  4. be caused by

  5. suffer from

  6. bear similarity to

  7. most of all

  8. be seized by

  9. as to

  10. rather than

  11. be isolated from

  12. rule out

  13. at least

  14. as yet

  15. be likely to

  16. all the same

  Text B  Sleepwalking——Fact or Fancy?

  短语表达

  1.  search for

  All his life he has been searching for the meaning of life.

  The police are searching for the escaped prisoner in the wood.

  2.  in the middle

  Don't disturb him, he is in the middle of a meeting.

  He is standing in the middle of the room enraged.

  3.  border on

  The American people's respect for President Lincoln borders on worship.

  China borders on Mongolia in the north.

  4.  put…on record

  Students' performance at school is usually put on record.

  The criminal cases are all put on record.

  5.  wake up

  He had a lot of difficulty waking up so early in the morning.

  The noise outside woke him up.

  6.  take measures

  Effective measures have to be taken to control pollution.

  They have taken some measures to rid the boy of his bad habit.

  7.  outgrow

  The boy will outgrow the jacket in a year.

  I believe he will outgrow the habit when he is older.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:00:58 [只看该作者]

Text A    Why Are Maps Drawn with North at the Top?

  本课主要单词

  1.feature n. 特征,特色;面貌,相貌 vi. 是…的特色,以…为特色 vi. 重要作用;作为主要角色

  1)The most important feature of our work is parental involvement.(我们工作的最重要特色是父母参与。)

  2)The island's chief feature is its beauty.(这个岛的主要特色是风景秀丽。)

  3)He is very familiar with the geographical features of this district. (他对这一地区的地理特征很熟悉。)

  4)The boy was slightly taller than his father, with fine features.(那个男孩比他父亲稍高,长得眉清目秀。)

  5)Round-the-clock service features this store.(日夜服务是这家商店的特色。)

  6)The new type of car features high speed, small size and low cost.(这种新型汽车以高速、小型和低费用为特色。)

  7)Sea food features largely in the diet of these people.(海产在这些人的食物中占重要地位。)

  8)He is featuring in a new movie.(他正在一部新片中担任主角。)

  2.rough adj. 粗糙的;粗暴的;大致的

  roughly adv. 粗糙地;大体上,大约

  1)They journeyed for days over rough roads. (他们在崎岖的道路上旅行了数日。)

  2)His rough manners annoyed everybody.(他粗鲁无礼的态度恼了每一个人。)

  3)They lived a rough life in the mountain village.(他们在山村里过着简陋的生活。)

  4)They had a rough crossing of the English Channel.(他们在狂风大浪中越过英吉利海峡。)

  5)We should help them out of the rough situation.(我们应该帮助他们走出困境。)

  6)The young man closed the door roughly.(那个年轻人粗暴地把门关上了。)

  7)Roughly speaking, this year's profit increased by 15 percent.(粗略地说,今年的利润增加了15%.)

  3.sketch n. 草图;梗概;素描   v. 绘(…的)略图;简述

  1)He drew a rough sketch showing the position of the entrance.(他粗略地画了张草图,说明入口处的位置。)

  2)They only gave us a sketch of the whole event.(他们只向我们简略地介绍了整个事件。)

  3)The first part is a brief sketch of the school's early history.(第一部分是该校早期历史的概述。)

  4)He sketched a boy's head on the sketchpad.(他在速写簿上画出了男孩头像素描。)

  5)Mr. Smith sketched excuses to his guest and left the room hurriedly.(史密斯先生向客人草草致歉然后匆忙离开房间。)

  4.Localize v. 使局部化;使具地方性;集中

  1)It is unlikely to localize this disease.(把这种疾病控制在局部地区是不可能的。)

  2)They failed to localize the effect of the disturbance.(他们没能使动乱的影响局部化。)

  3)Anger localized on the new policy.(民愤集中在这项新政策上。)

  请注意localize是由形容词local加动词后缀-ize构成的。英语中,这样词很多。比如:modernize(现代化),civilize(使文明化),socialize(社会化),publicize(公开化)等等。

  5.footing n. 立足处;稳固的地位,基础

  1)It is difficult to get a footing on the steep roof.(要在那很陡的屋顶上找到立脚处很困难。)

  2)He lost his footing and fell into the ditch.(他一失足摔进了沟里。)

  3)The water was so deep that she couldn't gain her footing.(河水太深,她立不住足。)

  4)They are on a friendly footing with their neighbors.(他们同邻居们和睦相处。)

  5)In today's China, women and men are on equal footing.(在今天的中国,男女平等。)

  6.Forefront n. 最前线,最主要的位置

  1)The company was brought to the forefront of public attention.(那家公司成为公众注意的重点。)

  2)He brought the country to the forefront of world politics.(他把那个国家推向了世界政治的最前沿。)

  请注意fore-是一个前缀,意思是在前面;预先。如:forearm(前臂),forehead(前额),foresee(预知),foretell(预言),forecast(预报)等等。

  7.Attempt v. 企图、试图    n. 企图、试图

  1)I didn't attempt the last question in the exam.(我没有试图去做试卷的最后一题。)

  2)He attempted to keep his parents in the dark about what had happened.(他试图使父母对所发生的事一无所知。)

  3)George had succeeded on his fourth attempt.(乔治要游过湖有困难,但他在第四次尝试时终获成功。)

  4)He made no attempt to solve the problem.(他没有试图解决问题。)

  8.Flatten v. 把……弄平;变平

  1)He flattened the paper cups.(他把纸杯压平了。)

  2)The hurricane flattened the forest.(飓风夷平了森林。)

  3)Her questions completely flattened me.(他的问题把我完全击垮了。)

  请注意flatten是由形容词flat加动词后缀-en构成的。-en是英语中十分常用的动词后缀,可以用在形容词后面也可以用在名词后面。如:broaden(加宽),weaken(削弱),sharpen(使锋利),frighten(使……害怕),lengthen(加长),heighten(加高)等等。

  9.reference n. 提及;参考;证明书(或人),推荐信(或人)

  1)There is on further reference to him in her diary.(她在日记中没有进一步提到他。)

  2)Keep this dictionary on your desk for easy reference.(把这本词典放在你书桌上,以备随时查阅。)

  3)My professor gave me a good reference.(我的教授给我写了一封德才兼优的推荐信。)

  请注意reference是由动词refer加名词后缀-ence构成的。-ence也是常见的名词后缀,如:difference(区别),conference(会议),preference(偏爱),transference(转移)等等。

  10.calculate v. 计算;估计;认为;想要

  calculation n. 计算;估计

  1)I calculated that we would arrive at 6.(我估计我们六点钟到。)

  2)The number of votes will be calculated in the late afternoon.(选票将在傍晚时计数。)

  3)You have to calculate the advantages and disadvantages before making a decision.(在作出决定前你得估量事情的利弊。)

  4)She calculates to go next month.(她想下个月去。)

  5)He made an error in his calculation.(他在计算中出了差错。)

  6)By his calculation, we will be there in an hour.(据他估计,我们一小时后到那儿。)

  11.unaware adj. 未认识到的,不知道的

  我们已经学过aware这个词的用法,unaware是aware的反义词,用法与aware差不多。

  1)She seemed unaware of what was happening around her.(她似乎没有意识到周围正在发生的一切。)

  2)I was unaware that I had hurt him.(我没有意识到我伤害了他。)

  3)He was unaware of the serious consequence.(他没有认识到后果的严重性。)

  12.orientate=orient v. 使适应;给……定向

  orientation n. 定向;方位;熟悉;情况介绍

  1)You should produce things orientated to people's needs.(你应该生产适应人们需要的东西。)

  2)He oriented himself by finding a familiar landscape.(他找了一处熟悉的景色来确定自己所处的方位。)

  3)The discussion helped me orient myself to the new language.(讨论帮助我适应新的语言。)

  4)It took him a long time to orient himself.(他花了很长时间熟悉环境。)

  5)The winding trail caused them to lose their orientation.(弯弯曲曲的小径使他们迷失方向。)

  6)College freshmen receive two days of orientation.(大学新生用两天时间听取学校情况介绍。)

  oriented adj. 以……为目的的;重视……的

  export-oriented industries(外向型工业)

  an education-oriented family(一个重视教育的家庭)

  test-oriented teaching and learning(以应试为目的的教学)

  13.Immovable adj. 不可移动的;坚定不移的

  这个词的词根是move,-able是形容词后缀;im-是反义词前缀,通常在m,p开首的单词前。如:impassable(无法通过的),importable(可进口的),immedicable(无法医治的)等等。

  1)Father was immovable in his opinions.(父亲的意志坚定不移。)

  2)He didn't expect that he would face an immovable audience.(他没料到他将面对一群不动情的观众。)

  3)What are you going to do with this immovable pillar?(这根移动不了的柱子你打算怎么处理?)

  14.arrangement n. 安排;布置;整齐

  arrange v. 安排;布置

  1)Have you made all the arrangements for the conference?(你为会议做好所有安排了吗?)

  2)He wants to make sure that everything is in neat arrangement.(他想确保一切都整整齐齐。)

  3)She didn't want to after the arrangement of furniture in the room.(她不想改变房间里家俱的位置。)

  4)I will make arrangements for a car to meet you at the airport.(我将安排一辆汽车去机场接你。)

  5)The librarian is arranging the books on the shelf.(图书管理员正在整理架子上的图书。)

  6)Don't worry, I will arrange the dinner for you.(别急,我为你们安排晚餐。)

  7)They have arranged for us to visit the Confucius Temple tomorrow.(他们已安排我们明天游夫子庙。)

  8)I have arranged for the goods to be delivered to your door.(我已为你安排好送货上门。)

  15.Interfere v. 干涉;妨碍,干扰

  1)We have no rights to interfere in the internal affairs of other countries.(我们无权干涉他国内政。)

  2)Don't interfere in other people’s business.(不要干预他人的事情。)

  3)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(雾天妨碍了联络。)

  4)He has done nothing that directly interfered with the actions of the others.(他没做任何直接妨碍他人行动的事。)

  16.accordance n. 一致;符合

  1)Education is carried out in accordance with the government's policy.(教育在依据政府的政策实施。)

  2)In accordance with your request I am sending her the letter express.(根据你的要求,我准备给她发特快信。)

  3)I am in accordance with him in this matter.(在这件事上,我同他是一致的。)

  17.reliance n. 信赖;依靠

  rely v. 依赖;相信

  1)She placed complete reliance on her husband's judgment.(她完全相信她丈夫的判断。)

  2)Self-reliance is necessary if you want to achieve anything.(如果你想有所成就,自力更生是很必要的。)

  3)He is a man to be relied on.(他是一个可以信赖的人。)

  4)You can always rely on him, he won't fail you.(你可以永远信任他,他不会让你失望的。)

  5)We can rely on our children to do such work.(这样的工作我们可以放心地让孩子们去做。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:01:18 [只看该作者]

18.rightful adj. 合法的;正义的;正当的

  请注意区别right和rightful.Right强调同事实没有偏差,rightful指事物符合道德或法律的约束。

  1)He regained his rightful place on the English throne.(他恢复了应属于他的英国王位。)

  2)The rightful heir should obtain his rightful inheritance.(合法的继承人应获得其合法的继承权。)

  3)It is the right approach to the command of grammar.(这是掌握语法的正确途径。)

  4)I believe what he said is right.(我相信他说的是对的。)

  本课简介

  今天,地图上上为北标示在我们的眼里极其自然。很难想像出会有一幅不以上为北的地图。但是当我们试图去了解地图绘制的历史时,我们会有超乎想像的发现。

  世界上古老的地图绘于公元前3800年。几个世纪以后,是古希腊人开始用相对科学的方式来绘制地图,其最杰出的先驱是托勒密。古巴比伦人以扁平的圆盘状来展现地球,而托勒密则以球状来展现地球。鉴于当时人们的知识的状态,托勒密在绘制地图时也出了种种差错,但是他是标示地图的上方为北方的第一人。

  到了中世纪,欧洲教会严重阻碍了科学的发展。因为耶路撒冷是基督教的圣地,于是地图的上方便改换为东方。直到十四世纪,由于贸易的发展,以及人们对指南针的日益加剧的依赖,北方终又成为地图的上方。

  本课主要句型

  1. Now it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top, but this was not always so.

  本句中it做形式主语(formal subject),to visualize a map……。是真正的主语(real subject)。用it 做形式主语, 主要是因为主语较长,谓语较短,于是不定式常放在谓语的后面。例如:

  1)It is necessary to tell him the news as soon as possible.(尽快把这消息告诉他是很必要的。)

  2)It took us 30 minutes to get there by bus.(坐公共汽车到那儿花了我们30分钟时间。)

  3)It made us very angry to see him talk to the old man in such an impolite manner.(看到他以如此不礼貌的方式与那位老人谈话,我们非常气愤。)

  4)How much did it cost you to send the parcel express?(速递这个包裹花了你多少钱?)

  请翻译下列句子,注意用做形式主语:

  1)掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。

  2)能来参加这个晚宴是我们的荣幸。

  3)我们不帮助他们是错误的。

  4)他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。

  上面的四个句子可以翻译为:

  1)It is not easy to master a foreign language.

  2)It is our honor to be present at this dinner party.

  3)It was a mistake for us not to help them.

  4)It is unwise of them to turn sown the suggestion.

  Visualize是一个动词,意思是 imagine (想像)。在词汇部分我们讲到过-ize是动词后缀。常用在形容词后面构成动词,如:localize(局部化,地方化), urbanize (城市化),nationalize (使国有化), finalize(最后定下来)visualize 这个动词,我们在第四单元中已经学过,请把下面两个句子译成英语,注意使用 visualize:

  1)我难以想像等待着我的将会是什么。

  2)一整天,他都在想像着将在教堂举行的婚礼。

  这两句话可以译为:

  1)I cannot visualize what is waiting for me.

  2)He has been visualizing the wedding ceremony to be held at the church for the whole day.

  ……this was not always so中的 so 是个代词,意思是“如此,这样”,如:

  1)――I think you made the wrong decision.

  ――Is that so? (是这样吗?)

  2)It is not necessary to find out why it is so.(去了解为什么如此是没有必要的。)

  3)I believe so.(我相信是这样。)

  2. The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3,800BC,and represents the river Euphrates flowing through northern Mesopotamia,Irag.

  本句中的known是过去分词做形容词用,意思是“已知的”,在某些语境中,known意为“著名的”。如:

  1)This is the most dangerous substance known to man.(这是人类已知的最危险的物质。)

  2)It has become a well known holiday resort.(这儿已成为著名的度假胜地。)

  in the…sense of the word 意思是“就这个词的…意义上而言”,如:

  1)It is a miracle in the true sense of the word.(这是真正的奇迹。)

  2)That is an adventure in every sense of the word.(那才叫冒险。)

  sense是个常用词,请看下面的句子,注意sense的词意。

  1)He has a great sense of humor.(他很有幽默感。)

  2)There is some common sense in what he says.(他所说的话有些道理。)

  3)What's the sense of doing that since it is already late?(既然已经晚了,做那件事还有什么意义呢?)

  4)She came to her senses after a blood transfusion. (输血之后,他苏醒过来。)

  5)In a sense what he said is true.(在某种意义上说,他说的话是正确的。)

  6)Her explanation doesn't make any sense.(她的解释讲不通。)

  7)I cannot make sense of what has written.(她写的东西我弄不懂。)

  3. This and others that followed it, were little more than rough sketches of localized features; it was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound-footing.

  本句中的前一个it是代指上句中的the oldest known map. Little more than 的意思是 almost no more than(只不过是)。请注意下列句子中的little的意思:

  1)He is little better than a bookworm. (他简直跟书呆子差不多。)

  2)That is little short of open scorn.(那简直就是公然藐视。)

  It was not until…that…。是一个常见的强调句型,意思是“直到…才”。如:

  1)It was not until the cat emerged from behind the bushes that I noticed it.(直到猫从灌木后面出来,我才注意到它。)

  2)It was not until he called me that I realized there was a meeting in the afternoon.(直到他给我打电话我才想起下午有个会。)

  3)It was not until several weeks later that the stolen car was found.(几个星期以后那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。)

  请翻译下列句子,注意使用上述句型。

  1)直到20世纪60年代人类才实现登上月球的梦想。

  2)直到昨天他才被告知真相。

  3)直到妈妈来幼儿园接他,那孩子才停止哭泣。

  这三个句子可以翻译为:

  1)It was not until the 1960S that man realized the dream of landing on the moon.

  2)It was not until yesterday that he was told the truth.

  3)It was not until mother came to the kinder-garter to collect him that the boy stopped crying.

  place sth. on a sound footing 意思是“把…置于坚实的基础上”。

  4. The last great scientist of the classical period,he was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge,rather than guess or imagination.

  The last great scientist of the classical period, 在本句中做同位语,对主语he作进一步的补充说明。

  Be based on 意思是“以……为基础”。

  Guess在句中做名词用,意思是“推测,猜想”。

  Rather than在本句中的意思相当于instead of “而不是”。

  1)I have used some simple words rather than the difficult ones.(我用了一些简单词汇而不是难词。)

  2)He bought two books rather than one.(他买了两本书而不是一本。)

  3)Rather than go back on his word, he kept his promise.(他没有食言,而是言而有信。)

  5. Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong, ……

  在第十五单元中,我们学过given这个介词,意思是“考虑到”,在本句中given仍是这个意思,请再看两个例句:

  1)Given the poor working condition, you cannot expect the workers to be very efficient.(考虑到工作条件差,你不能指望工人们的效率很高。

  2)Given the bad weather, we have to change our plan.(基于天气不好,我们得改变计划。)

  Times在本句中的意思是“时代”,如:

  1)The times are different,women are now equal to man.(时代不同了,现在男女平等了。)

  2)In modern times,the development of science and technology is accelerating.(近代科学技术在加速发展。)

  3)In the difficult times,many people died of hunger.(在那限难时世,许多人因饥饿而死。)

  6. …since Ptolemy had calculated wrongly the size of the Atlantic and was unaware that the pacific ocean existed.

  本句中的since引导的是一个原因状语从句,如:

  1)Since so many people are absent,we'd better put off the meeting.(既然如此多的人缺席,我们最好将此会延期。)

  2)I won't blame you since you know nothing about it.(既然你对此一无所知,我就不会怪你。)

  Unaware与aware一样是形容词,其用法也与aware相同,be unaware of…,be unaware that…。

  1)I was unaware of his presence.(我没注意到他在场。)

  2)He was unaware that he had been followed.(他不知道他被跟踪了。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:01:39 [只看该作者]

7. The reason for this was that he decided to orientate the map in the direction of the pole star since Polaris was the immovable guiding light in which the voyagers of the era placed their trust.

  本句中,that引导的是一个表语从句。表语从句的结构为:

  主语+连系动词+表语从句。表语从句也可用where, why, how引导。如:

  1)The reason for his absence was that he was ill.(他缺席的原因是他病了。)

  2)That was why I hated it.(这就是我不喜欢这个的原因。)

  3)That is how he cheated people.(他就是用这种方式骗人的。)

  Which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰guiding light限定性定语从句如果修饰“物”,关系代词that和which都可用,但在介词的后面只能用which,在口语中一般把介词放到从句后部去,这时则可以用that.如:

  1)This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.(这就是我们昨晚讨论的问题。)

  This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night.

  2)This is the fact on which we base our opinion.(我们的观点就是建立在这个事实之上的。)

  This is the fact that we base our opinion on.

  Trust在句中做名词用,place (put) trust in sb/sth 信任某人(某事)。

  1)I don't have any trust in him.(我对他一点也不信任。)

  2)Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.(对未来有点信心吧,一切都会好起来。)

  3)The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.(那位老太太对她孙子非常信任。)

  8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages, when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science.

  本句中when引导一个由逗号把前面句子隔开的句子,其意思相当于at the time.如:

  1)The party has been put off until next week, when we can get better prepared.(晚会被推迟到下周,那时我们能准备得更好些。)

  2)We will wait have until 6, when the manager can spare us a few minutes.(我们在这儿等到6点,那时经理就能给我们几分钟了。)

  Interfere with意思是“妨碍”,如:

  1)Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.(不良的饮食习惯常常妨碍健康。)

  2)The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.(这两国相互间没有利害冲突。)

  9. Once again, north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps.

  在第十五单元的Text B中,我们已经学过assume这个词

  It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.(长期以来,人们认定好斗是由男性荷尔蒙引起的。)

  在本句中assume的意思是acquire(获得,取得)

  请注意下列例句中assume的意思:

  1)I assume the misunderstanding will be cleared up.(我认定这误会会消除。)

  2)He assumed the report to be unreliable.(他猜那报告不可靠。)

  3)Farmers will have a good harvest , assuming that the weather is favorable.(假如风调雨顺,农民将会有好收成。)

  4)Who will assume the costs of running a school? (谁来负担开设一所学校的费用?)

  5)He assumed a leading position last May.(去年五月,他担任领导职务。)

  6)Hitler assumed power in 1933.(希特勒于1933年夺得政权。)

  7)He assumed full control of the company.(他完全控制了这家公司。)

  本课主要词组

  1. in the sense of       2. more than

  3. be based on         4. rather than

  5. attempt to do sth       6. in the form of

  7. in search of         8. at the top

  9. in the direction of      10. place trust in

  11. interfere with       12. in accordance with

  13. from…point of view     14. reliance on

  Text B    You Have a Choice

  短语表达

  1. side by side

  They are sitting side by side.

  We walked side by side along the river.

  2. be seated

  Please be seated, I will fix you a cup of coffee.

  The hostess was seated with the guests when I hurried in.

  3. ahead of

  The boy is running ahead of his classmates.

  I believe we can finish the work ahead of time.

  4. be certain of

  I cannot be certain of the time of their arrival.

  Can you be certain of the truth of his utterance?

  5. bring about

  The new policy is sure to bring about a lot of changes.

  What Father said has brought about a profound change in his personality.

  6. account for

  This excuse cannot account for your absence.

  Her explanation doesn't account for the failure.

  7. regardless of

  All of you will be given a chance regardless of your age and sex.

  Regardless of which method you choose, the result will be the same.

  8. make a difference

  Whether he comes or not will not make any difference.

  I hope my participation will make a difference.

  9. lead to

  Excessive smoking may lead to lung cancer.

  The misunderstanding led to a bad quarrel.

  10. pull out of

  The train pulled out of the station at 10:00.

  When do you think the car will pull out of the garage?

  11. for sure

  I don't know for sure who will be in charge of this department.

  He couldn't tell for sure what was in the distance.

  12. apply to

  It is hard to apply the rule to real work.

  It is necessary that the theory be applied to practice.

  13. deal with

  He is hard to deal with.

  I have no idea how to deal with this situation.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:01:59 [只看该作者]

Text A    Animals at Risk:Who Cares?

  本课主要单词

  1.Species n.(单复数同形)种,类

  1)There are more than 250 species of shark in the world.(世界上有250多种鲨鱼。)

  2)Darwin wrote “The Origin of Species.” (达尔文写了《物种起源》。)

  3)She feels a species of nervousness.(她有一种紧张的感觉。)

  2.Extinct adj. dead, wiped out, no longer existing(火熄灭了;消亡了的;灭绝了的)

  extinction n.

  1)Please make sure that the fire is extinct before you leave.(在你离开前,请确保炉火已灭。)

  2)All hope was extinct.(所有的希望都落空了。)

  3)This species will be extinct in a few decades.(几十年后这个物种将会灭绝。)

  4)Pandas are in danger of extinction.(大熊猫正面临灭绝的危险。)

  5)The sudden extinction of lights in the room frightened the children.(室内灯光突然熄灭把孩子们吓坏了。)

  请指出下面句子中的错误:

  The total extinction of this species is inevitable.

  句子中的total应去掉,因为extinction已包含“所有”的意思,再用total就多余子。

  3.Pace n. 步速;速度;节奏;步    v. 踱步;用步量

  1)The tree is ten paces from the house.(树与房屋相距十步。)

  2)He quickened his pace when he found he was lagging behind.(发现自己落了后他便加快了步伐。)

  3)They had to slow down the pace of new product development because of lack of fund.

  (由于缺少资金他们不得不放慢新产品开发的速度。)

  4)The pace he set was too fast for the others.(他定的步速对其他人来说太快了。)

  5)He is trying hard to keep pace with his classmates.(他正努力跟上他的同学。)

  6)Many people complain of the rapid pace of modern life.(许多人抱怨现代生活节奏太快。)

  7)He paced slowly around the room.(他慢悠地在房间里踱着步。)

  8)He paced out the distance between the two trees.(他用步子测出两棵树之间的距离。)

  At a snail's pace(非常缓慢地)

  At one's own pace(以轻松自在的速度)

  Set the pace(定步速,起带头作用)

  Pace car(赛车开始时在跑道上领驶一圈但本身不参赛的领驶车)

  Pacemaker(领跑人;带头人;起博器)

  4.Compete v. 竞争,比赛

  competition n. 竞争,比赛

  competitive adj. 竞争的

  1)He would compete with three others for a trip to Korea……(他将和另三个人竞争以得到去韩国旅游的机会。)

  2)I am going to compete in two items——100 meter dash and broad jump.

  (我将参加两个项目的比赛:100米短跑和跳远。)

  3)Young people should be prepared for the fierce competition in the future job market.

  (年轻人应为今后就业市场的激烈竞争做好准备。)

  4)There is a lot of competition for this job.(有许多人争夺这工作。)

  5)He is no competition for Mike.(他不是迈克的对手。)

  6)He doesn't like competitive sports.(他不喜欢竞技性体育项目。)

  7)How can we adapt ourselves to the highly competitive society?(我们怎样才能适应这个高度竞争的社会?)

  8)He holds that women are not as competitive as men.(他认为女性不像男性那样有竞争力。)

  5.Likelihood n. 可能性;有希望的事

  likely adj. 有可能的;可信的;恰当的

  1)Is there any likelihood of his coming?(他有可能来吗?)

  2)There is every likelihood that the performance will be a success.(演出极有可能获得成功。)

  3)In all likelihood it will be a sunny day to morrow.(十之八九,明天是个大晴天。)

  4)It is likely that they will agree with us.(他有可能会同意我们的意见。)

  5)He is not likely to be elected.(他不可能当选。)

  6)Her story doesn't sound likely.(她的说法不太可信。)

  7)They are looking out for a likely place to build the school.(他们正在找寻建这所学校的合适地点。)

  6.Clearance n. 清除,清理;余地

  clear v. 清除;越过;不触及地通过

  -ance是一个名词后缀,用在动词后面可构成名词。如:

  appearance(出现,外表),endurance(忍受),utterance(发言,发声),attendance(出席,侍候)等等。

  1)The clearance of the old furniture made the room more spacious.(清理了旧家俱,屋里更宽敞了。)

  2)He was responsible for the clearance of the theatre when the fire broke out.

  (着火时,由他负责出清剧院的观众。)

  3)The bridge has a clearance of three metres above water.(该桥桥下净空有3米。)

  4)Clearance sale(清仓削价销售)

  Take-off clearance(起飞许可)

  Foreign exchange clearance(国际汇兑清算)

  Clearance order(清拆命令)

  5)He is clearing the table.(他正在收拾桌子。)

  6)The athlete cleared the bar easily.(那位运动员轻松越过横杆。)

  7)The truck cleared the tunnel.(卡车通过了隧道。)

  7.Vegetation n.(总称)植物,植被

  vegetate. v.(植物)生长

  vegetable n. 蔬菜的;植物的

  1)He was amazed by the colorful vegetation of the tropical forest.(热带森林中奇异多彩的植物令他惊奇。)

  2)It is essential that the vegetation of this area should be preserved.(保护这一地区的植被是很必要的。)

  3)He had some green vegetables for dinner.(他晚餐吃了些蔬菜。)

  4)The vegetables in the garden vegetate vigorously.(园子里的植物在茁壮成长。)

  8.Ignore v. 不顾,不理,忽视

  ignorance n. 无知

  ignorant adj. 无知的

  1)He was fined for ignoring a red light.(他因为闯红灯而被罚款。)

  2)The teacher ignored the question raised by one of the students.(那位老师对学生提出的问题没加理会。)

  3)Some species become extinct because of people's ignorance.(有些物种由于人们的无和而灭绝。)

  4)Ignorance of this law is no excuse if you break the law.(不懂法不能作为违法的借口。)

  5)They demanded to know why they had been kept in ignorance of the truth.

  (他们要求知道不让他们了解除事情的真相的原因。)

  6)He was kept ignorant of the fact that his son failed the exam.(他对儿子考试不及格这件事一无所知。)

  7)I am ignorant about /of what has happened.(对所发生的事情我全然不知。)

  9.Threat n. 威胁;凶兆

  threaten v. 威胁

  1)The survival of civilization is under threat.(人类文明的生存在受到威胁。)

  2)This might be a threat to national security.(这可能对国家安全构成威胁。)

  3)The boy threatened that he would leave home if his parents beat again.

  (那男孩威胁说如果父母再揍他,他就离家出走。)

  4)They were threatened with starvation when flood drowned their village.

  (洪水淹没他们村子时他们受到了饥饿的威胁。)

  10.Ornament n. 装饰;装饰品      v. 装饰,美化

  1)They bought a lot of ornaments and hung them on the Christmas tree.

  (他们买了许多装饰品并把它们挂在圣诞树上。)

  2)She wouldn't buy it as it is more for ornament than for use.

  (她不原意买那个东西,因为它主要供装饰而不实用。)

  3)They ornament the hall with oil paintings.(他们用油画装点大厅。)

  4)They found themselves entering a manificently ornamented house.

  (他们发现自己进入了一座装饰华美的屋子。)

  11.Tourist n. 旅游者,观光者    adj. 游览的

  tourism n. 旅游业

  tour n. 旅行;参观

  v. 旅行;参观

  1)She showed a group of tourists round the museum.(如领着一群游客参观博物馆。)

  2)The Great wall is one of the chief tourist attractions in Beijing.(长城是北京的主要旅游点之一。)

  3)Tourism is a big industry in this country.(旅游业在这个国家是一个庞大的行业。)

  4)His dream is to make a round-the-world tour.(他的梦想是作环球旅行。)

  5)We are going to tour north-west China this summer.(今夏我们打算游历中国西北地区。)

  6)He toured music halls in Germany.(他在德国的音乐厅作巡回演出。)

  12.Variation n. 变化

  variable adj. 易变的

  vary v. 变化

  1)He always told us the same story with no variations.(他总是给我们讲那个没有任何变化的故事。)

  2)Weather conditions may cause variations in blood pressure.(天气状况可能引起血压的变化。)

  3)The variable weather gave us a lot of trouble.(多变的天气给我们带来不少麻烦。)

  4)He is hard to get along with as he has a variable temper.(他的脾气反复无常很难相处。)

  5)Opinions vary on this point.(对这一点看法各异。)

  6)He doesn't want to vary his habit.(他不想改变自己的习惯。)

  12.Trophy n. 战利品;奖品

  1)He was going to hang the horns of the antler on the wall as a trophy.(他将把鹿角挂在墙上作为纪念品。)

  2)She got a gold trophy for badminton.(她获得了羽毛球比赛的金杯。)

  13.Magnificent adj. 壮丽的,宏伟的;极美的

  1)The king lived in this magnificent palace.(国王住在这座宏伟的宫殿里。)

  2)The magnificent scenery dazzled the tourists.(壮丽的景色使游客的眼花缭乱。)

  3)Their magnificent performance gripped the audience.(他们动人的表演牢牢地抓住了观众。)

  14.Survive v. 幸存;比活得长

  survival n. 幸存

  survivor n. 幸存者

  1)Eight people survived the fire.(八人在大火中幸免于死。)

  2)The old woman survived her husband by 10 years.(那位老妇人比她丈夫多活十年。)

  3)Survival was unlikely since the river water was so deep and cold.(河水既深又冷清活无望。)

  4)He was the only survivor of the massacre.(他是大屠杀的唯一幸存者。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:02:19 [只看该作者]

15.Seal n. 海豹;印章  v. 封口

  1)Many Canadian seals wore killed to reduce the numbers to help the species to survive.

  (大量的加拿大海豹被猎杀是为了减它们的数量使该物种幸存下来。)

  2)The document bore an official seal.(这件上盖有官方大印。)

  3)She sealed the envelope and put it in the postbox.(她封上信封后把信放入邮筒。)

  16.By-product n. 副产品

  by-是一个前缀,表示“次要的”,“附带的”,如:by-channel(支渠),by-effect(副作用),by-lane(小巷);by-line(副业),by-work(第二职业);by-road(小路)等等。

  17.Conservation n. 保存;保护

  conserve v. save, preserve(保存,保护)

  1)People are paying more and more attention to the conservation of wildlife.(人们越来越重视野生动物的保护。)

  2)Conservation of water is of great importance.(节约用水非常重要。)

  3)He leaned against the tree quietly to conserve strength.(他静静地靠在树上以节省体力。)

  4) It is known to all that we should conserve natural resources.(众所周知,我们应该保护自然资源。)

  18.Reserve v. 保留;预计  n. 保留;储备物

  1)These seats are reserved for special quests.(这些座位是保留给特别的客人的。)

  2)We will reserve the plane ticket for you until tomorrow afternoon.(机票给你保留到明天下午。)

  3)I reserve the right to respond later.(我保留稍后作出回应的权利。)

  4)He reserved two tickets for tomorrows show.(他定了两张明天的演出票。)

  5)A bright future is reserved for you.(光明的前程正等待着你。)

  6)During the war, she always kept a reserve of tinned food in the house.

  (战争期间,她总是在家里储备听装食品。)

  7)Many animals use their fat reserves in their body to pull through the winter.

  (许多动物用体内储备的指肪熬过冬天。)

  8)The bank's cash reserves couldn’t meet the demand.(这家银行的现金储备满足不了需要。)

  19.Breed v. 繁殖;饲养;养育  n. 品种,种类

  1)Some animals will not breed when caged.(有些动物关在笼内就不产仔。)

  2)He was bred to be a gentleman.(他被作为绅士养育成人。)

  3)They are of the same breed.(他们是同一类人。)

  4)They raise many breeds of dog.(他们养着许多不同种的狗。)

  20.Provided conj. if (假如,若是)

  1)We will be there before 10, provided we don't waste time.

  (如果我们不浪费时间,我们就能在10点之前到那儿。)

  2)We will go provided that the weather is fine.(假如天晴,我们就去。)

  3)Provided that no objection is raised, we will set back the program.(如果没人反对,我们就把这个项目推迟。)

  请注意:provided不是过去分词,而是连词,作“假如,只要”解,在口语中常用providing. Provided that与if的不同在于:provided that所表示的“如果”,含有希望该条件实现的含义。

  21.Determination n. 决心,决定;结论

  determine v. 决定,决定

  1)He is a man of determination.(他是一个有决断力的人。)

  2)This strengthened his determination not to give in.(这更坚定了他不屈服的决心。)

  3)The doctor's determination was made after the blood test.(医生的结论是在验血之后作出的。)

  4)We haven't determined a date for the meeting.(我们还没有确定会议的日期。)

  5)He determined to study harder.(他决心更努力地学习。)

  6)They are determined to carry out the plan.(他们决心实施这一计划。)

  22.Clash n. 冲突    v. 发生冲突

  1)Thousands of demonstrators clashed with the police.(数千名示威者与警察发生了冲突。)

  2)They wanted to visit both places, but the dates clashed.(他们两个地方都想去,但日程有冲突。)

  3)They got into a verbal clash because of a misunderstanding.(由于误解他们产生了口角。)

  4)An armed clash is unavoidable.(武装冲突不可避免。)

  请注意区别crash,crush和clash.

  Crash指因坠下或猛冲而砰地碰撞,如plane crash(坠机);crush指压碎,压坏,如crush a plot(粉碎阴谋);crush grapes(榨葡萄)

  本课简介

  当一个物种的死亡率高于出生率时,久而久之这个物种就会灭绝。自生命产生起的数百万年间,已有多个物种灭绝。无法适应环境变化的生物,难以与适应性更好、更强壮的生物相抗衡的生物,其最后的命运都将是消亡。在过去的几十年中,人为地猎杀动物或是改变其生息的自然环境已使得其些物种灭绝。如此事便不胜枚举。亚马逊地区自然环境的改变、植被的毁坏将使多个物种灭绝。盲目无度地猎杀动物使得北美的水牛几近灭绝。

  越来越多的人们开始关注野生动植物的保护。方法之一是将濒临灭绝的物种移进动物园和公园,使它们有可能繁衍足够多的后代将来能重返自然。方法之二是建立野生动物保护区,使动物在自然环境中得到照顾。

  本课语言点

  1. An animal species becomes extinct when it fails to produce enough young in each generation to keep pace with the death——rate.

  本句中become是连系动物, extinct是形容词,extinct 通常指动、植物的种灭绝,不再存在。句子中的it代指 (the) animal species.

  fail to do sth. 意思是“没能做到…”如:

  1)He failed to realize his dream of flying round the world.(他没能实现飞行世界的梦想。)

  2)I failed to persuade him to give up smoking.(我没能劝说他把烟戒掉。)

  3)Don't fail to live up to what your parents expect of you.(别辜负父母对你的期望。)

  4)Don't fail to wake me up.(不要忘记叫醒我。)

  Keep pace with 是一个常用词组,意思是“跟上”,如:

  1)He was too old to keep pace with the modern ideas of life.(他年纪大了,跟不上现代生活观念。)

  2)Earnings have not kept pace with inflation.(收入还没有与通货膨胀的速度保持同步。)

  2. We can tell from fossil evidence in rocks that many living species become extinct over the million of years since life began.

  本句中的tell不是“告诉”的意思,而是“断定”或“辨别”的意思。如:

  1)Can you tell her from her twin sister?(你能分得出她和她的孪生姐妹吗?)

  2)Can you tell which is right?(你能断定哪一人是对的吗?)

  that在句中引导宾主从句,做tell的宾语。

  1)He had had a bad cold over Christmas.(他在圣诞节期间得了重伤风。)

  2)They read a lot of books over the vacation.(假期里他们看了不少书。)

  3. …… extinction is the fate of any animal that has specialized too far to change when its environment changes, or has to compete with a better-adapted and more powerful animal.

  that在句中引导定语从句,修饰animal.

  specialize 通常指“专门研究,专门从事”,如:

  1)He specializes in medicine. (他专攻医科。)

  2)This shop specializes in cooking utensils.(这家商店专门经销饮具。)

  在本课文中specialize的意思是“专化,以特殊方式演化。”

  Animals and plants are specialized to fit their surroundings. (动植物是按照特殊方式演化以适应各自的环境的。)

  too…to…的意思是“太…以致于不能…”如:

  1)I was too disappointed to try again.(我太失望,不想再尝试。)

  2)He is too young to take care of himself.(他太年幼,照顾不了自己。)

  compete with 意思是“与…竞争”,也可用compete against.

  1)He didn't want to compete with others for this position.(他不想与别人竞争这个职位。)

  2)Sometimes animals have to compete against each other for the chance to survive.

  (有时,动物为了生存不能相互竞争。)

  better adapted意思是“适应得更好的”。better是副词well 的比较级形式,adapted 是过去分词做形容词用。这类表达形式在英语中十分常见,如:well-known,poorly-dressed,better-prepared等等。

  4. A number of examples can be given of the way in which natural environment are being rapidly changed……

  a number of 意思是“许多”,如:

  1)A number of proposals had been put forward at the meeting. (会上提出了许多建议。)

  2)A number of students have passed the exam.(已有许多学生通过了考试。)

  of在本句中的意思是关于,相当于about.如:

  1)They were not told of this new policy. (关于此项政策,他们没有被告知。)

  2)They wanted to know every detail of what had happened.(对于已发生的事,他们想知道每一个细节。)

  5. There is every likelihood that many species of animals will be made extinct because of these and similar clearances of natural vegetation.

  Likelihood是一个名词,意思是“可能”,相当于 possibility,that在本句中引导同位语从句,对 likelihood作进一步的补充说明。如:There is no doubt that he is a reliable person.(毫无疑问,他是一个可信赖的人。)

  Clearance 在本句中的意思是“(植被)砍伐殆尽;清除。”

  Clearances of vegetation will lead to the loss of water and soil.(砍伐植被会引起水土流失。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:02:37 [只看该作者]

6. The North American buffalo is a case of the near-extinction of a species through hunting.

  a case of 在本句中的意思是“一个例子,”相当于“an example of ” 如:

  1) This is a case of students cheating on exams. (这就是学生作弊的一个例子。)

  2) It is a typical case of misunderstanding.(这就是误解的典解例子。)

  在第九单元中我们已经学过case这个词,请注意掌握与case 有关的几个短语:

  in any case (无论如何,总之)

  in case (假如;以免)

  in the case of (就…来说,至于…)

  in this case (既然是这样)

  through在句中的意思是“由于,因为”, 相当于because.

  1) The mistakes were made through carelessness.(这些错误是由于粗心大意造成的。)

  2) Many people are hard of hearing through old age.(许多人因年老而听觉不灵。)

  7. But even when the danger is widely publicized, the financial rewards for the hunters may be so great that they choose to ignore the threat to the species.

  publicize是个动词,意思是“宣传”,在第十七单元中我们已学过这个词,-ize是一个动词后缀,通常用在形容词的后面构成动词。

  financial rewards 意思是“赏金”。reward 在本句中作名词,有时也可作动词用,如:

  1) He offered a reward of 1000 yuan for the finder of his pet dog.(他给拾得他的宠物狗的人酬谢1000元。)

  2) His efforts were rewarded by success.(他的努力获得了成功。)

  choose后面接不定式,表示“选定,愿意”,如:

  1)He chose to stay there for another week. (他决意在那儿再住一周。)

  2)I chose to say nothing about it.(我决意对那件事闭口不谈。)

  在名词threat后面用介词to,表示“对…的威胁”。如:

  The clearance of vegetation will be a great threat to the wildlife.(把植被砍伐殆尽对野生动物将是极大的威胁。)

  8. And animals are sometimes killed out of a wish to reduce numbers to help the species to survive.

  out of 在本句中以及前一个几句子中的意思是“出于”,如:

  1)He was silent out of embarrassment.(他由于窘迫而沉默。)

  2)She opened the mail out of curiosity. (她出于好奇打开了邮件。)

  句子中前一个动词不定式to reduce number…在句子中作定语,修饰名词wish.如:

  1) They failed in their attempt to land on the island.(他们在岛上登陆的企图失败了。)

  2) I have no confidence in my ability to fulfil the task.(我对自己完成这项任务的能力没有信心。)

  句子中的第二个动词不定式to help the species to survive做目的状语,相当于so as to或in order to help the species…。如:

  1)He worked harder (so as) to catch up with the others.(他更努力地学习以赶上别人。)

  2)To achieve the aim, we must learn from others. (为了实现这个目标,我们必须向他人学习。)

  9.The killing of the Canadian seals is claimed to be for this purpose, and the use of their skins for furs is only a by-product.

  be claimed to 在本句中的意思是“据说”。如:

  He is claimed to have inherited a lot of money.(据说他继承了一大笔钱。)

  for this purpose 意思是“为这个目的”。如:

  1)They decided to have a talk for military purpose. (为了军事目的,他们决定进行一次会谈。)

  2)For this purpose, I gave him all the necessary materials. (为了这个目的,我把所需的材料都给了他。)

  请注意掌握与 purpose有关的一些短语:

  on purpose (为了;故意地)

  to the purpose (中肯的;合适的)

  10. There is always the chance that enough off-spring will be born to return them one day to their natural environment-provided it still exists, and that hunters don't kill them again!

  本句中的第一个that引导的是一个同位语从句,对名词chance做进一步解释。

  Provided在句中做介词用,相当于if.如:

  1)I will give you the money provided you tell me the truth. (如果你说实话,我会给你钱。)

  2)He will come to the party provided he has time.(如果有时间他会来参加聚会。)

  在词汇部分我们提到过,口语中常用providing替代provided.

  11.But the parks are large, the wardens few and the determination of hunters very great.

  本句中,形容词few和great的前面省去了be 动词(few 前省去了are ,great 前省去了is),作者是要告诉读者,公园太大,管理人太少,猎人们的决心太过坚定,因而野生动物的保护问题仍然难得解决。

  12.The hunters were armed with modern weapons and several people were killed.

  arm在本句中用作动词,意思是“武装,装备”,be armed with意思是“以…装备起来的”。

  1)They believed they would win as they were armed with modern weapons.

  (他们坚信自己会赢,因为他们有现代化的武器装备。)

  2)Armed with secretarial skills she will find a job easily.(具备了秘书的技能,她会很容易地找到一份工作。)

  13. … and tourism can add to the income of countries.

  add to的意思是“增加”,如:

  1)The newly built squares add to the beauty of this city.(新建的广场增加了这座城市的美观。)

  2)Your company adds to the enjoyment of our visit.(有你的陪同,我们这次访问更加愉快了。)

  3)I hope my arrival would not add to your difficulties. (希望我的到来不能增添你们的困难。)

  本课主要词组

  1. keep pace with

  2. compete with

  3. because of

  4. at such a rate

  5. at surprising speed

  6. a case of

  7. choose to

  8. lead to

  9. such as

  10.out of existence

  11. out of fear

  12. be claimed to

  13. for this purpose

  14. be concerned about

  15. under threat of

  16. be armed with

  17. add to

  18. look after

  19. in a different form

  Text B    The Killer Smogs

  短语表达

  1. be filled with

  Her eyes were filled with tears when she told us the story.

  The room is filled with boxes of all sizes.

  2. wash away

  The rich soil was washed away as there were no trees and grass to hold it.

  It took her quite a while to wash away the stains on her coat.

  3. be caused by

  Lung cancer might be caused by excessive smoking.

  The accident was caused by the driver's carelessness.

  4. be known for

  He is known for his wide scope of knowledge.

  Scotland is known for its beautiful countryside.

  5. combine with

  It is necessary to combine theory with practice.

  See what will happen if you combine hydrogen with oxygen.

  6. prevent from

  Bad weather prevented them from going camping.

  The terrible noise prevented me from getting a good sleep.

  7. pile up

  Pile up the books on the table, please.

  Don't wait until problems pile up.

  8. due to

  The train was late due to heavy fog.

  Our achievements are due to their help.

  9. add to

  His explanation added to her annoyance.

  More happiness will be added to people's life if you are generous enough to give praise.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:02:56 [只看该作者]

Text A    You Can't DO It Because It Hurts Nobody

  本课主要单词

  1. tough adj. 强壮的;粗暴的;老的;艰苦的

  1) The tough mountaineer succeeded in getting to the top of the mountain.

  (那位强壮的登山运动员成功地登上了山顶。)

  2)Camels are tough and hardy creatures. (骆驼是能吃苦耐劳的动物。)

  3)Those tough law-breaking youngsters should be dealt with seriously. (应该严肃对待那些无法无天的青少年。)

  4)She complained about the tough steak.(她抱怨牛排太老。)

  5)They had a tough time during the war. (战争期间她们苦熬度日。)

  6)He'll be tough on you if you bother him. (如果你麻烦他,他会对你不客气。)

  7)It was tough to get a satisfactory job.(找一份令人满意的工作很不容易。)

  2. crime n. 罪;罪行

  criminal n. 罪犯  adj. 犯罪的;刑事的

  1)He committed a crime against the security of the state. (他犯了危害国家安全罪。)

  2)It is a crime to waste so much food. (浪费那么多食物是一种罪过。)

  3)The president is determined to bring down the crime rate. (总统下决心使犯罪率下降。)

  4)The wanted criminal had no place to hide. (被通缉的罪犯无处可藏。)

  5)The man was found to have a criminal record.(那人被发现有犯罪记录。)

  6)The criminal police are working on a major case. (刑警队在着手一起大案。)

  3. drunk adj. 醉的

  1)He was so drunk that he could not walk. (他醉得路都走不起来了。)

  2)He was charged with drunk driving. (他被指控酒后驾车。)

  3)The young man was drunk with success. (那个年青人因为成功而喝醉了。)

  4. custom n. 习惯;风俗

  customs n. 海关

  customary adj. 习惯上的

  1)It is her custom to go for a walk every morning. (她惯常每天早上去散步。)

  2)They didn't know much about the customs of the country they were going to visit.

  (对他们将要访问的那个国家的风俗习惯他们了解得不多。)

  3)It won't take you long to pass the customs. (通过海关检查不会花你们太多时间。)

  4)It is customary to exchange gifts at Christmas. (圣诞节时人们互赠礼物是一种习俗。)

  5. admit v. 承认;准许进入

  admission n. 承认;准许进入

  1)He admitted his guilt to the police. (他向警方承认犯罪。)

  2)The boy admitted to his teacher that he was wrong. (那男孩向老师承认自己错了。)

  3)There were no windows to admit air. (没有窗子可使空气流入。)

  4)David was admitted into the school basketball team. (大卫被纳为篮球队的队员。)

  5)None of them admitted to cheating on exams.(他们都不承认考试作弊。)

  6)She admitted to having a strong like for light beer. (她承认自己很喜欢淡啤酒。)

  7)His admission that he had committed the theft proved John's innocence.

  (他承认偷窃,从而证明了约翰的清白。)

  8)He was refused admission into the club. (他未获准加入俱乐部。)

  9)Admission to the park is free. (公园免费进入。)

  请注意下面几组词,找出其构词的规律:

  admit / admission emit / emission

  transmit / transmission submit / submission

  6. tape n. 磁带  v. 用带子捆扎;用胶布封住;把…录于

  1)The teacher asked us to listen to English tapes when we had time. (老师让我们有空时听英语磁带。)

  2)She spent a whole morning taping the presents.(她花了一个上午的时间捆扎礼物。)

  3)As there was nobody at home, he taped a note to the door.(因为家中无人,他便用胶布把一张字条粘贴在门上。)

  4)The robber taped the watchman's mouth. (抢劫犯用胶布封住守门人的嘴。)

  5)He taped the conversation secretly. (他偷偷把谈话用磁带录了下来。)

  7. jail n. 监狱

  1)He was put into jail for armed robbery. (他因武装抢劫被送进了监狱。)

  2)The young man escaped from jail. (那个年轻人逃出了监狱。)

  3)He was sentenced to two weeks in jail. (他被判监禁两周。)

  8. fatal adj. 致命的;重大的

  fatality n. 死亡者;死亡事故

  1)He received a fatal wound in the battle. (他在战斗中受了致命伤。)

  2)The fatal eruption of the volcano caused unimaginable losses. (火山毁灭性的喷发造成了难以想像的损失。)

  3)Mutual trust is fatal to friendship. (相互信任对于友谊来说不可或缺。)

  4)The accident caused several fatalities. (事故造成数人死亡。)

  5)They are trying to reduce the fatality of heart disease. (他们正努力降低心脏病的致命性。)

  9. threaten v. 威胁

  在前一单元中,我们学习了名词threat,-en是个动词后缀,加在名词或形容词的后面可以构成动词,如:

  1)加在名词后面:heighten, lengthen, hasten

  2)加在形容词后面:shorten, brighten, quicken

  10. tolerate v. 忍受;宽恕

  tolerant adj. 容忍的

  tolerance n. 忍受;宽容;忍耐力

  1)I cannot tolerate his dishonesty. (我不能容忍他的不诚实。)

  2)We will not tolerate their distorting the fact. (我们不会容忍他们歪曲事实。)

  3)He is tolerant of different opinions. (他能容忍不同意见。)

  4)These plants are tolerant of extreme heat. (这些植物能耐酷热。)

  5)My tolerance of your impoliteness is limited. (我对你的无礼的忍耐是有限的。)

  11. limit n. 限制    v. 限制

  limited adj. 有限的

  1)She had reached the limit of her patience. (她已到了忍无可忍的地步。)

  2)He was fined for exceeding the speed limit. (他因超过车速限制而被罚款。)

  3)Try to limit your talk to 5 minutes. (请尽量把话在五分钟内说完。)

  4)He limited himself to 10 cigarettes a day. (他限定自己一天抽10支烟。)

  5)We must make good use of the limited resources. (我们必须好好利用有限的资源。)

  6)Time is limited, we have to step here today. (时间有限,我们今天只能讲到这儿。)

  off limits 禁止进入

  within limits 适度的;在一定范围内

  without limit 无限制地

  12. celebrate v. 庆祝

  celebration n. 庆祝

  1)We'll go to celebrate grandma’s 70th birthday this weekend. (这个周末我们去庆祝祖母70岁生日。)

  2)They are singing and dancing to celebrate their victory. (他们唱歌、跳舞庆祝胜利。)

  3)The birthday celebration will be held at home. (生日庆典将在家举行。)

  4)The celebration of Chinese New Year used to include a display of fireworks. (过去中国新年庆典包括放焰火。)

  13. anonymous adj. 匿名的

  an是一个前缀,用在元音字母或辅音h前,表示“非”,“没有”,“缺乏”,

  如:anarchy(无政府),anonym(匿名者)。

  onym是个词根,意思是name(名字),如antonym(反义词),synonym(同义词)

  -ous是一个形容词后缀,如dangerous, famous

  1)He was greatly disturbed by the anonymous letter. (匿名信令他极度不安。)

  2)The author wishes to remain anonymous. (作者不希望披露姓名。)

  14. cheat v. 欺骗;作弊    n. 骗子

  1)The old lady told the policeman that she had been cheated of all her savings.(那位老太太告诉警察她被人骗取了她所有的积蓄。)

  2)He was cheated into believing that he was an adopted son. (他被骗得相信自己是个养子。)

  3)He said that many high school students cheated on exams. (他说许多中学生考试作弊。)

  4)The singer was said to have cheated on income taxes. (据说那位歌手在所得税上弄虚作假。)

  5)These drinks I've bought are a cheat, they taste so strange. (我买的这些饮料间冒牌货,味道很怪。)

  6)How could you be friends with these cheats? (你怎么能与骗子为友呢?)

  15. abstract a. 抽象的    n. 摘要    v. 提取;摘录…的要点

  1)He couldn't understand this abstract idea. (他不能理解这个抽象概念。)

  2)An abstract of this paper is needed. (需要有这篇论文的摘要。)

  3)He is abstracting a story for a book review. (他正在为一篇书评撰写故事梗概。)

  4)They are trying to abstract iron from ore. (他们正试图从矿石中提取铁。)


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