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自考“英语(一)”笔记(81——90)  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:09:20 [只看该作者]

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7. I expect you understand all those, except perhaps “proximity”。 动词expect通常有如下用法:

  1)except + 宾语(名词或代词)

  I am expecting a letter. (我在等信。)

  The teacher is expecting you. (老师在等你。)

  2) expect +(宾语)+ 动词不定式

  I expect to be back next week. (我预计下周回来。)

  I didn't expect him to come so early. (我没料到他会来得这么早。)

  3) expect + that从句

  He didn't expect that the work could be so difficult. (他没料到这工作会如此艰难。)

  They expected that the war would end soon.(他们期望战争早日结束。)

  在本课文的句子中,except后面跟的是省略了that的宾语从句。

  8. A person who holds a hand over his mouth when he is talking is signaling that he is lacking in confidence.

  在第十六单元中我们学过lack这个词。lack可以用作动词或名词,lacking用作形容词。lack和lacking用法如下:

  1)lack用作名词:(for) lack of (因)缺乏

  He showed a complete lack of confidence. (他显得毫无信心。)

  The case was dismissed for lack of evidence. (因缺乏证据,那个案子被驳回了。)

  2)lack用作及物动词:lack sth

  Your article lacks concert example. (你的文章缺少具体的例子。)

  She lacks patience in dealing with children. (与孩子打交道她缺少耐心。)

  3)lacking用作形容词:be lacking in sth.

  Philip was not lacking in ability. (菲力普并不缺少能力。)

  His reception of us was lacking in warmth.(他对我们的接待缺少热情。)

  9. These are both pretty obvious signals.

  通常pretty用作形容词,而在本句中pretty作副词用。如:

  1)She was happy to live in the pretty valley. (住在美丽的山谷里她很开心。)

  2)The pretty little girl brought much delight to her family. (那个漂亮的小姑娘给全家带来了莫大的快乐。)

  3)I will be back pretty soon. (我不久就回来。)

  4)She felt pretty tired. (她感到相当累。)

  5)I am pretty certain the performance will be a success. (我相当有把握演出会成功。)

  10. In fact, non-verbal communication car, as the saying goes, speak volumes.

  as the saying goes意思是“正如成语所说,俗话说”。在本句中,as the saying goes做插入语。

  speak volumes意思是“很有意义;含义很深;充分说明”。如:

  1)The one photograph speaks volumes. (这一张照片就很有意义。)

  2)The look on her face spoke volumes.她的脸色意味深长。)

  3)Her silence spoke volumes for her attitude. (她的沉默清楚地表明了她的态度。)

  本课主要词组

  1. means of

  2. involve sth/doing sth

  3. refer to

  4. agree with

  5. communicate sth. to sb.

  6. tie to / be tied to

  7. in order to

  8. be categorized into

  9. be common to

  10. fiddle with

  11. be lacking in

  12. start doing sth.

  13. and so on

  14. in fact

  15. give off

  16. look away

  17. in embarrassment

  18. for short

  19. as the saying goes

  20. speak volumes

  Text B    body talk

  短语表达

  1. talk a liking to

  He couldn't understand why the boss suddenly took a liking to him.

  2. chances are that…

  Chances are that he will not be able to get the job.

  3. anything… but

  It is not anything you say but something you do that counts.

  4. devote to

  Father asked him to devote his attention to his study.

  5. apart from

  Apart from this consideration, there is no other reason why we should not go.

  6. be involved in

  He was not involved in the scandal.

  7. tend to

  He tends to get irritated if you press him for an answer.

  8. be aware of

  He is not aware of the mistake he has made.

  9. according to

  You have to do according to what he said.

  10. complain of

  The moment he got in, he began to complain of the weather.

  11. let alone

  He wouldn't hesitate to die for her, let alone give her some help.

  12. be hostile to

  No knows why he is so hostile to his brother.

  13. impress sb. with sth.

  He impressed us with his sincerity.

  14. take note of

  He didn't take note of the weather forecast and was caught in a heavy rain.

  15. go on

  I didn't know anything about what was going on outside.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:52:46 [只看该作者]

Text A    saving the rainforests for future generations

  本课主要单词

  1. rainforest  n. 热带雨林

  这是一个由名词rain加名词forest构成的复合名词。用rain加名词构成的复合名词,英语中还有不少。如:rainbelt (雨带),rainworm (蚯蚓)等等。

  2. economic  adj. 经济(上)的,经济学的

  economic是economy的形容词形式,economical也是economy的形容词形式,请看下面的例句,注意区别economic和economical.

  1)economic:concerned with economics and with the organization of money industry, and trade of a country, region, or social group

  economic growth (经济增长)          economic prosperity (经济繁荣)

  economic decline (经济衰退)         economic reform (经济改革)

  economic order (经济秩序)           economic depression (经济萧条)

  economic crisis (经济危机)          economic doctrines (经济学说)

  2)economical:cheap,careful,efficient

  This car is economical to run. (开这辆车费用很省。)

  The child is so economical that he saves all his pocket money. (那个孩子很节省,他把零花钱都积攒了起来。)

  形容词economic和economical的副词形式都是economically.

  This region is unevenly developed economically. (这一地区的经济发展不平衡。)

  It is necessary that we should learn to live economically. (我们学会节俭地生活是必要的。)

  3. deforestation  砍伐森林

  de-是前缀,意思是“除去,分离”。-ation是名词后缀。用de-做前缀的词在英文中也是比较常见的,如:defrost (去冰或霜),dehydrate (脱水),detach (分离,解开)等等。

  The deforestation of rainforests will greatly upset ecological systems.

  (热带雨林植物的毁灭将对生态系统造成严重影响。)

  The Amazon Basin is quickly becoming deforested. (亚马逊盆地的植被将被砍伐殆尽。)

  4. consequence  n. result, effect (结果,后果)

  1) The young man would do what he likes regardless of the consequences.

  (那个年轻人将不顾后果去做他喜欢的事。)

  2)They found themselves in a dilemma as a consequence of rapid changes in society.

  (由于社会的飞速发展他们发现自己处于进退两难的境地。)

  3) He is a man of great consequence. (他是一个举足轻重的人。)

  4) He will have to take the consequences if he doesn't apologize. (如果他不道歉,一切后果将由他承担。)

  consequently  adv. therefore,so,as a result (所以,因此)

  The rain was heavy and consequently the football match was put off. (雨下得很大,因此足球赛被延期了。)

  5. massive  adj. extremely large (大而重的;大规模的,大量的)

  1) The massive increase in oil prices put the taxi-drivers in a difficult situation.

  (燃油价格的大幅上升使出租车司机们面临困难。)

  2)He saw massive changes in the village when he went there 20 years later.

  (20年后回到那个村子,他发现那儿的变化很大。)

  3) A massive young man in police uniform came in. (一个身着警服身材魁梧的年轻人走了进来。)

  6. upset  v. mess up;turn over accidentally;(弄乱;打翻);make sb. worried or unhappy (使苦恼)

  adj. be unhappy or disappointed, distressed (心烦意乱的,心情不安的)

  1)He upset a cup of coffee on the carpet. (他把一杯牛奶打翻在地毯上。)

  2)Make sure that he stays where he is. If he comes, he will upset the whole atmosphere.

  (确保他呆在他该呆的地方。如果他来了会把整个气氛搅乱。)

  3) The news upset him. (那消息使他心烦意乱。)

  4) She was upset about the rumours. (她为那些谣言感到十分烦恼。)

  5)He was upset to learn that his proposal was not discussed at the meeting.

  (他听说自己的建议没在会议上被讨论而感到沮丧。)

  6) They were upset by the poverty they saw in that area. (他们为在那一地区看到的贫困现象而苦恼。)

  注意:upset作形容词用,在句子中做表语时,以及upset作动词用时,应该成/Λp′set / ;upset作形容词用,在句子中做定语时,应读成 /′Λpset /.

  还应注意,upset做动词用时,其过去式,过去分词与动词的原形相同。

  7. ecosystem  n. 生态系统

  eco是一个词根,意思是“环境(的)”,“生态(的)”;“家庭(的)”,“经济(的)”。如:ecology (生态学),ecocide (生态灭绝),ecoclimate(生态气候);economy (经济),economic (经济学的,经济上的)。

  8. erosion  n. 腐蚀,侵害

  erosion是动词erode的名词形式。rod,ros是词根,意思是gnaw (咬)。e-是前缀,相当于ex-,意思是out.以rod或ros作词根的词,如:corrode(腐蚀;侵蚀), emerge(出现),evaporize (蒸发),erase (擦去)

  1)They decide to plant more trees to prevent soil erosion. (他们决定种更多的树以防土壤受侵蚀。)

  2) They protested strongly against erosions of civil rights. (他们强烈抗议对公民权的侵害。)

  9. drought  n. 干旱季节,旱灾

  1)The land is in a state of drought. (土地干旱。)

  2)In many parts of China, people are fighting drought. (在中国的许多地区,人们在抗旱。)

  请注意区别drought和draught.drought也用作名词,意思是拉,拖,牵引;①被拉的东西,如:That drought was too much for the horse to pull. (那负荷太重了,马拉不动。)

  ②鲜啤酒,散装啤酒,如:Give him a glass of draught, please. (请给他一杯散装啤酒。)③一饮的量;吸入,如:He drank the wine in one draught. (他一口喝干了那酒。)

  10. global  adj. 球形的;全球的,世界的;普遍的,总的

  global是名词globe的形容词形式,-al是形容词后缀,常用在名词后面构成形容词。如regional (局部的,地区的),emotional (情感的),seasonal (季节的)。

  1)The earth is a global mass. (地球是一个球形体。)

  2)The global economic growth is on the decline this year. (今年总体经济增长呈下降趋势。)

  3)A global picture of their progress can be obtained from these marks.

  (从这些分数中你可以得到他们进步的全貌。)

  4)I'll try to give you a global idea of the situation. (我将尽力把形势的总体情况告诉你。)

  5)He makes friends with people from every corner of the globe. (他与来自世界各地的人们交朋友。)

  11. contribute  vt. 贡献;捐助;投稿     vi. 起作用,有助于;捐献;投稿

  1)They contributed food and medicine to people in the flooded area. (他们向受淹地区的人们捐助食物和药品。)

  2) He didn't contribute any idea to the discussion. (他在讨论中没有提出任何意见。)

  3)She contributes articles to the newspaper weekly. (她每周为那家报纸撰稿。)

  4)The two sisters contributed to their mother's support. (两姐妹合力赡养母亲。)

  5)I'm sure your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. (我相信你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。)

  6)They are determined to make contributions to public safety. (他们决心为公众安全作出贡献。)

  请注意区别contribute to (doing) sth.和devote to (doing) sth.。这两个短语都表示“为…贡献”,但表示“献身于某一事业或目标”时,要用devote to (doing)sth.。而在contribute后面不接one's life或oneself.如:

  1) She devoted all her life to the welfare of women and children. (她一生致力于妇女和儿童的福利事业。)

  2) He devoted himself to teaching in the mountain village. (他致力于在那个山村教书。)

  3) Air pollution contributes to respiratory diseases. (空气污染会引起呼吸道疾病。)

  再注意区别contribute与distribute.

  contribute:①give money in order to help someone

  ②help to make sth. successful

  ③influence sth.

  distribute:①give out, hand out (分发)

  ②share sth. among the members of a particular group (分布)

  ③supply sth.to sb. (销售商品于特定的市场;运送货物给个别顾客)

  1)The teacher distributed the papers to the students. (教师把试卷分发给学生。)

  2)Fuel resources are unevenly distributed. (燃料资源分布不匀。)

  3)They distributed their cars throughout the world. (他们的汽车销往世界各地。)

  12. greenhouse  n. 暖房,温室

  green表示“绿色”,也可作形容词用表示“缺乏经验的;幼稚的;青春的”等等。下面我们看看与green有关的一些复合词以及表达:

  greenback (美钞)       greenbelt (绿化地带)  green-carder (绿卡持有者)

  greenroom (剧场里的演员休息室)       a green hand (生手)

  the green years (青春年华)    green-eyed monster (嫉妒)

  greenhouse effect (温室效应)      green revolution (绿色革命)

  13. polar  adj. 南极的,北极的;两种相反性质的

  -ar是形容词后缀,如popular(受欢迎的,民众的),similar (类似的)

  1)Most insects don't live in polar regions. (大多数昆虫在两极地区不存在。)

  2)They are thinking about how to survive in a polar winter. (他们正在考虑如何在极地冬季生存。)

  3)After reading his report you can see that he holds polar viewpoints.

  (读完他的报告你就能明白他的观点正好相反。)

  14. recede  vi. ①move further away into distance (远去)

  ②gradually become less clear (变模糊)

  ③withdraw (撤回)

  1)The plane gradually out of sight. (飞机渐渐远去看不见了。)

  2)The memory was receding and he couldn't remember anything. (记忆在变得模糊,他什么也想不起来了。)

  3)He receded from his promise. (他背弃了自己的诺言。)

  4)The article receded from the newspaper. (这篇文章从报纸上撤下了。)

  请注意区别recede和secede.

  secede vi. Withdraw formally from membership in a group, association, organization, etc.; to break off one's connection with others, as in a political or religious group (从宗教、政党、联盟等组织中退出,脱离)

  1) Nine States seceded from the Union government and established their own confederate government.

  (九个州脱离联邦政府,成立了自己的邦联政府。)

  2) They seceded from the EEC. (他们从欧洲经济共同体中退出。)

  15. pharmaceutical  adj. 药物的,药学的     n. 药品

  请看下面几个单词,对记忆和理解pharmaceutical会有帮助。

  pharmacy 药学     pharmaceutics 制药学

  pharmacology 药理学      pharmaceutist 药剂师

  16. derive v. 由…得到;起源,由…派生

  1)They derive enormous pleasure from reading. (他们从阅读中得到了极大的乐趣。)

  2)He said he derived no real satisfaction from his work. (他说他从工作中得不到真正的满足。)

  3)This word is derived from Latin. (这个单词从拉丁语派生而来。)

  4)Electric power can be derived from the sun-warmed surface waters of the ocean.(电力可以从晒热的海洋水面获得。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:53:07 [只看该作者]

17. senseless adj. 无知觉的;愚蠢的,无意义的

  1)He fell senseless to the ground. (他昏倒在地。)

  2)It was a senseless thing to do so. (这样做毫无意义。)

  3)He put forward some senseless proposals at the meeting. (他在会上提出了几个愚蠢的建议。)

  18. overpopulated adj. 人口过密的

  over-是一个前缀,意思是too much (过度,太过),如:overcrowd (过度,拥挤),overdo (过度烹煮),overeat (吃得过多),overestimate (估计过高)等等。

  popul是个词根,意思是people (人),如:populous (人口稠密的),depopulation (人口减少),populace (大众)等等。

  1) The city is noisy, overpopulated, and seriously polluted. (这座城市喧闹,人口过多而且污染严重。)

  2) Overpopulation has caused many problems.(人口过多已经造成了许多问题。)

  19. cancel v. call off, give up (取消),delete (删除)

  1) The performance will have to be cancelled because of an accident. (由于意外,演出不得不取消。)

  2) The flight was cancelled because of the snow-storm. (航班因暴风雪而取消。)

  3) They won't be able to come tonight, I have to cancel the hotel reservations.

  (他们今晚来不了了,我得取消旅馆预定。

  4)Cancel the nasty words from your composition. (把你作文中的那些下流的词语删掉。)

  20. owe n. 欠(债等),应该向(某人)付出

  1)He owned her 200 dollars. (他欠她200美元。)

  2)He owned the landlady two months' rent. (他欠房东太太两个月的房租。)

  3)She owned her success to hard work. (她把成功归因于辛勤工作。)

  4)He owes his life to a kindhearted man. (多亏一位好心人他才活了下来。)

  21. select v. 选择,挑选,选拔

  1)They select books that are useful to them. (他们挑选那些对他们有用的书。)

  2)You can select friends from your schoolmates. (你可以在同学中挑选朋友。)

  3)They voted to select a new monitor. (他们投票挑选新班长。)

  22. export v. 输出,出口     n. 输出品;输出,出口

  这个单词用作动词时,发音的重音在后面的第二个音节上,用作名词时,重音在第一个音节上。

  ex-是前缀,表示out,port是词根,表示carry.

  1)They banned all exports of weapons. (他们禁止武器出口。)

  2)They grow coffee, cotton and bananas for exports. (他们种植咖啡、棉花和香蕉出口。)

  3)One third of exports from industrial nations go to the developing countries.(工业国家三分之一的出口品进入发展中国家。)

  4)Raw materials are exported at low prices. (原材料的出口价格低廉。)

  本课简介

  从巴西到印度尼西亚,热带雨林被砍伐、被焚烧,也许在2050年之前,它们就会从地球表面消失。最新的数据表明,仅去年一年,被毁的热带雨林面积就大于大不列颠群岛和爱尔兰群岛的面积之和。照此下去,后果严重。生态系统将遭严重破坏,土壤流失加剧,洪水泛滥,旱灾肆虐,全球气候将受影响,珍稀的动、植物也将可能消失。热带雨林的焚毁是引起温室效应的原因之一。温室效应导致极地的冰层回缩,因而平均气温升高,海平面上升。

  热带雨林是一个具有无限潜力的医药百宝箱,2000种热带雨林植物可能有助于抗癌,在当今的药品市场上,每125种从植物提取的药品中就有15种来自于热带雨林。除了植物,热带雨林所独有的珍稀鸟类和动物也在以每年一种的速度灭绝。

  在如此严峻的事实面前,毁林事件仍旧频频发生。原因何在?热带雨林通常位于人口过多的贫穷国家,这些国家的政府无力阻止人们毁坏雨林。政府无钱帮助穷人,所以当穷人们以砍伐树木为生时,他们只能视而不见。另外,对于这些国家来说,珍贵的木材和其他资源是重要的外汇来源,他们急需外汇偿还外债、购买国外设备和其他物品。

  如何解决这一问题?富裕的国家有责任帮助那些贫穷的国家取消外债、发展经济,并教育贫困国家的人们正确对待雨林,合理科学地利用雨林。富裕国家也可以减少使用木材产品。总之保护雨林已刻不容缓。

  本课主要语言点

  1. Rainforests are being cut and burned from Brazil to Indonesia at such a rate that they could well disappear from the earth's surface before the year 2050.

  “are being cut and burned”是现在进行时被动语态。如:

  1) The problem is being discussed now. (这个问题现在正在讨论。)

  2)The car is being repaired by Mr. Smith. (那辆车正由史密斯先生修理。)

  “at such a rate that” (以这样的速度(砍伐、焚烧)以致于…)。我们曾讲过程度副词such和so的区别。一般来说,such的后面接名词,而so的后面接形容词或副词。如:

  1) He spoke for such a long time that people began to feel bored. (他讲了那么长时间,人们开始觉得厌烦了。)

  2) He made such a rapid progress that both his teachers and his parents were happy.

  (他取得了飞快的进步,他的老师和父母都觉得高兴。)

  3) It was such a fine day that we decided to go for a walk. (天气这样好,我们打算去散步。)

  4) The work was so difficult that I couldn't finish it in 2 hours. (这项工作太难,两小时内我完不成。)

  5) She spoke so fast that I could catch her. (她讲话太快,我没听懂他的意思。)

  “they could well disappear” 他们很可能消失。well在本句中的意思是“很可能的,很”。如:

  1) It might well turn out true. (这很可能会成为真的。)

  2) It's well worth trying. (这很值得一试。)

  3) He must be well over forty. (他很可能大大超过四十岁了。)

  2. They are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nations in which they are located.

  本句中的clear用作动词,意思是remove (清除),如:

  1) Brazil's forests were being cleared at the rate of almost 7,000 square miles a year.

  (巴西的森林以每年近7,000平方英里的速度被清除。)

  2)The children were helping me clear weeds from the garden. (孩子们在帮助我清除花园里的杂草。)

  speed up是个常用短语,意思是increase the speed

  1)Tom speeded up and overtook his classmates. (汤姆加快了速度,赶上他的同学们。)

  注意speed用在词组动词中时,其过去式和过去分词为speeded, 其他情况下,其过去式和过去分词为sped.

  2) Africa's population growth speeded up. (非洲的人口增长加速。)

  3) Bad housing and poverty speed up the breakdown of family life. (恶劣的住房条件和贫困加快了家庭的破裂。)

  表示“坐落于某地”时,locate常用在被动语态中,be located.in which they are located中的they指rainforests, which指nations.

  1) The factory is located in the suburb. (那家工厂坐落于郊区。)

  2) The hospital is located in the center of the city. (医院坐落于市中心。)

  3. According to many scientists, the burning of rainforests is also directly contributing to the so-called greenhouse effect.

  contribute to在本句中的意思是help to bring about (促战,造成)。如:

  1) Your suggestion will contribute to solving the problem. (你的建议将有助于解决这个问题。)

  2)Carelessness contributed to his errors. (粗心大意造成了他的错误。)

  so-called用作形容词,意思是“所谓的”。如:

  1) He was deceived by his so-called friend. (他被所谓的朋友骗了。)

  2) The so-called Christian even showed no love to his own children.

  (这个所谓的基督徒连对自己的孩子都没有爱心。)

  effect在句中用作名词,意思是“效果,效应”,在第三单元中我们对名词effect和动词affect做过详细讲解,再请看几个例句。

  1) The sound effect of this movie is great. (这部电影的音响效果很棒。)

  2) Excessive smoking will have a bad effect on your health. (吸烟过多将会给你的身体带来不良影响。)

  3) Too much rainfall affected the harvest. (过多的雨水影响了收成。)

  4)I hope what I have said won't affect your decision. (希望我的话不会影响你的决定。)

  4. It is a medicine chest of unlimited potential.

  chest可以指胸腔或柜子、箱子,medicine chest是“药箱”的意思。

  potential在句中用作名词,意思是“潜力”,potential也可用作形容词,意思是“潜在的”。

  1) They are determined to tap their potential to the full. (他们决心充分挖掘自己的潜力。)

  2) The aim of this advertisement is to attract potential customers. (这则广告的目标是吸引潜在的顾客。)

  3) You have to know more about the potential demand of the market.

  (你得对市场上可能达到的需求量有更多的了解。)

  5. In today's pharmaceutical market 15 of the 125 drugs derived from plants were discovered in the rainforest. derived from plants是现在分词短语做定语,相当于被动语态的定语从句。如:

  1) The beer bought from the supermarket is very light. (在超市买的那啤酒口味很淡。)

  2) The candy made from cactus tastes strange. (用仙人掌做的糖果味道很怪。)

  15 of the 125意思是125中的15.再如two of the three (三个中的两个)

  derive from意思是get from, obtain from, 如:

  1) Much of his knowledge is derived from books. (他的许多知识得自书本。)

  2) He derived his stories from his experiences in the countryside. (他的故事来自于他在农村的经历。)

  6. Rare birds and animals that cannot be found anywhere else in the world have been disappearing at the rate of one a year since the turn of the century.

  句中的else是形容词,常接在不定代词的后面,表示“其他的,别的”,如:

  1) Is there anything else I can do for you?(我还能为你做些别的事吗?)

  2) Did anybody else know this? (有其他人知道这件事吗?)

  3) He didn't go anywhere else. (他没去其他地方。)

  one a year意思是“每年一种”。这种表达方式在英语中很常用,如:

  1) Take the medicine three times a day. (每日三次服这种药。)

  2) They met three times a week. (他们每周见三次。)

  3) He finishes 5 books a month. (他一个月读完五本书。)

  当时间状语用since引导时,句子中的时态常用完成时。如:

  1) He has been living here since he came to Nanjing 5 years ago. (自从他五年前来到南京,他就一直住在这儿。)

  2) They haven't seen each other since last May. (自去年五月起,他们一直没见过面。)

  turn在句中做名词,意思是“转折点”。since the turn of the century意思是“自本世纪初(或上世纪末)。”

  1) He hasn't written home since the turn of the year. (自去年底以来他还未给家里写过信。)

  2) At the turn of the two centuries, they had many hearty wishes for their family.(在两个世纪交替之时,他们对家人有许多衷心的祝愿。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:53:28 [只看该作者]

 7. In the face of all these facts, it seems senseless for countries to continue destroying their rainforests.

  介词短语in the face of 意思是“面对”。如:

  1) They didn't give up in the face of adversity. (面对逆境,他们没有放弃。)

  1)He kept his head in the face of flattery. (面对奉承,他保持镇静。)

  it seems senseless for sb. to do sth. (对于某人来说做某事是愚蠢的)

  it是形式主语,动词不定式真正的主语。这种句式我们已多次碰到过。如:

  1) It is important for us to get into contact with them as soon as possible.

  (我们尽快与他们取得联系是很重要的。)

  2) It seems useless for you to argue further with him. (你再跟他争辩下去似乎是毫无意义的。)

  在动词continue的后面既可以用动词不定式也可以用动名词,意思都是“不间断地做某事”。如:

  1) It is necessary for us to continue to learn things in life. (我们在生活中不断学习是必要的。)

  2) He continued doing his homework. (他继续做家庭作业。)

  8. …the government often have no choice but to turn a blind eye.

  have no choice but to do sth. (别无选择,只能…),如:

  1) I had no choice but to take the last train to go home. (我别无选择,只能乘末班火车回家。)

  2)They had no choice but to accept the term. (他们别无选择,只能接受这个条件。)

  turn a blind eye (to sth.) (对…视而不见),类似的表达不有turn a deaf ear to sth.,如:

  1)He turned a blind eye to the messy room (他对凌乱的房间视而不见。)

  2)The manager turned a deaf ear to the customers' complaints about the poor service.

  (顾客报怨服务太差,经理对此置若罔闻。)

  9. …which they badly need to pay off their foreign debts and purchase foreign equipment and other goods.

  badly在本句中用作副词,意思是extremely.如:

  1) I am badly in need of advice. (我急需建议。)

  2) We need the money badly. (我们非常需要这笔钱。)

  pay off的意思是pay all that is owed (清偿)。如:

  1) It book him 6 years to pay off the debt.(他花了六年时间才还清那笔债。)

  2) He won't be able to pay off a home all his life. (他一辈子也不能付清购买住房所下的钱。)

  equipment是不可数名词,不可在其后加s.

  goods是复数名词,意思是“商品;货物”。

  10. …how to select trees worth exporting and to cut only those trees down while leaving the rest, so that the basic make up of the forest would not be disturbed.

  形容词worth后面通常接动名词或名词。如:

  1) This book is worth reading. (这本书值得一读。)

  2) The equipment is worth 10,000 dollars. (这台设备值一万美元。)

  请注意区别worth,worthy和worthwhile:

  1) be worth + n. = be worthy of + n.

  This matter is worth consideration.

  This matter is worthy of consideration.

  2) be worth doing = be worthy   of being done

  to be done

  This matter is worth considering.

  This matter is worthy of being considered.

  to be considered.

  3) It is worthwhile doing sth.

  to do sth.

  It is worthwhile to consider the matter.

  considering the matter.

  make-up在句中用作名词,意思是“组成,构造”。如:

  1) He didn't know the make-up of the mineral. (他不知道这种矿物质的构成。)

  2) The make-up of Chinese characters is hard for many foreigners. (对许多外国人来说汉字的构造很难。)

  make-up还可以表示“化妆”、“虚构”、“补考”。

  11. Last but not least, …

  本句的意思是the last point but not the least important one (最后一点,但并不是最不重要的点。)

  本课主要短语及表达

  1. at such a rate

  2. speed up

  3. be located

  4. be allowed to

  5. according to

  6. contribute to

  7. derive from

  8. continue doing

  9. in the face of

  10. continue doing

  11. stop sb. from doing sth.

  12. cut down

  13. turn a blind eye

  14. pay off

  15. regard…as

  16. make a living

  17. be worth doing

  18. make…into…

  19. on the spot

  20. in addition to

  Text B    life in the tundra

  短语表达

  1. be known as

  China is known as one of the four ancient civilizations.

  She is known as a great singer.

  2. adapt to

  It is hard for him to adapt to the food and climate there.

  He is well adapted to the harsh environment.

  3. threat to

  Heart diseases are major threats to life.

  Darkness is a threat to him.

  4. to some degree

  I agree with you to some degree.

  To some degree he hated his work.

  5. as if by magic

  His face turned green as if by magic.

  The sun appeared after the rain as if by magic.

  6. give birth to

  Mrs. Brown gave birth to a baby girl last week.

  The summer sun gives birth to many species of arctic plants.

  7. in search of

  The whole family was out in search of the lost pet dog.

  All his life he has been in search of the meaning of life.

  8. migrate to

  Many birds migrate to the south in winter.

  He migrated from Canada to the United States when he was 30.

  9. in turn

  We drove to the beach last week. The two of us took the wheel in turn.

  Theory is based on practice and in turn serves practice.

  10. result in

  His carelessness resulted in the accident.

  Deforestation will result in disastrous ecological changes.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:53:55 [只看该作者]

Text A    American men don't cry

  本课主要语言点

  1.Weakness n. 软弱,薄弱;缺点,弱点;嗜好。

  Weakness 是形容词weak的名词形式。-ness这个名词后缀常用在形容词后面,构成名词。如:happiness,carelessness,sadness,uselessness等等。

  1) He was too weak to walk any further.(他没有力气再往前走了。)

  2) She was born with weak eyesight.(她天生视力差。)

  3) He is weak in maths.(他不擅常数学。)

  4) Weak leaders won't be able to cope with this situation.(软弱无力的领导人无法应付这一局面。)

  5) She recovered from her weakness after two week's rest.(经过两周的休息,她虚弱的身体得到了恢复。)

  6) His recovered from pressure would give his opponent some chance.

  (他在压力之下的软弱会给他的对手带来机会。)

  7) They saw a weakness in Robert's method.(他们在罗伯特的方法中看到了弱点。)

  8) He has a weakness for money.(他爱钱如命。)

  2. Childishness n. 幼稚

  同上一个单词一样,-ness这个名词后缀用在爱形容词后面,构成名词。

  I was annoyed at the childishness of her remark.(她孩子气的话语令我恼火。)

  请注意 childish 和childlike的异同之处:

  “childish” is used to describe a person who behaves in an immature way, or to describe

  something that is typical of a child. (childish用来形容某个行为不成熟的人或用来形容某件事似孩子般的。)

  “childlike” is used to describe a person who is like a child in appearance, character, or

  behavior. (childlike用来形容一个人的外貌、性格或举止像个孩子,天真,单纯。)

  1) She is a nice person but a bit too childish.(她人不错,只是太幼稚了一点。)

  2) She has a childish face.(她有张孩子气的脸。)

  3) The young woman has a childlike figure.(那个年轻妇人有着孩子般的体型。)

  4) It is childish to go into danger for nothing.(无谓地陷入危险是幼稚的行为。)

  3. dependence n. 依靠,依赖;信赖;隶属。

  -ence是常用的名词后缀,如:absence,confidence,innocence 等等。如果我们把后缀-ence变换成-ent,dependent则是个形容词;如果在dependence或dependent前面加上前缀in-,则表示相反意义,“独立”、“独立的”。

  1) All living thing depend on sunlight, air and water.(一切生命依赖于阳光、空气和水。)

  2) He doesn't want to live in dependence on his parents any longer.(他不想再依靠父母生活。)

  3) The old man s very dependent on his son.(那位老人什么都依赖他儿子。)

  4) India got its independence in 1946.(印度于1946年获得独立。)

  5) He is independent of his parents.(他不依赖父母而自立。)

  4. disapprove v. 不赞成。

  我们在第二单元中学习过approve,在第二十三单元中学习过approval.approve是disapprove的反义词,approval则是disapproval的反义词。

  disapprove和approve一样可以用作及物动词和不及物动词。用作不及物动词时,在其后需加介词of,然后才可以接宾语。如:

  1) He disapproved the arrangement for the wedding.(她不赞成婚事的安排。)

  2) Her parents disapproved her marriage to Jimmy.(父母不同意她与吉米的婚事。)

  3) The teacher disapproved of her students going camping.(老师不反对她的学生们去露营。)

  4)He disapproved of my method.(他反对我的方法。)

  5. discourage v. 使泄气,使沮丧;阻拦。

  上个单词disapprove中的dis-前缀表示“not”,discourage中的前缀dis-则表示“deprive of”。discourage的反义词是encourage.courage是名词,意思是“勇气”。

  1) He didn't have the courage to tell her the truth. (他没有勇气对她说实话。)

  2) We have to face the difficulties with courage. (我们得勇敢地面对困难。)

  3) Don't be discouraged by setbacks.(别因挫折而泄气。)

  4) The heavy rain discouraged us from going out.(大雨使我们无法出去。)

  5) Her husband encouraged her to complete her study.(她丈夫鼓励她完成学业。)

  6) They felt encouraged by their achievements.(他们因自己取得的成就而感到鼓舞。)

  7) He finished encouraged by their achievements.(尽管有许多令人灰心的挫折,他仍然完成了工作。)

  8) What he said just now is discouraging.(他刚才说的话令人泄气。)

  9) Children need more encouragement.(孩子需要更多的鼓励。)

  10) The results are encouraging.(结果令人鼓舞。)

  6. permissible adj. 容许的,准许的。

  permissible是permission的形容词形式,而permission是permit的名词形式。

  1)Smoking is not obtain permitted in public places.(不允许在公共场所抽烟。)

  2)Mother would not permit her to watch TV for too long.(妈妈不允许她看电视时间过长。)

  3)He could not obtain permission from the authorities.(他无法获得官方的许可。)

  4)You can't do it without permission.(没有得到许可,你不能做这件事。)

  5)It was permissible to ask a question.(提一个问题是准许的。)

  6)In many cases, it is permissible for a child to cry.(在许多情况下,孩子是准许哭的。)

  7. excusable adj. 可原谅地,可辩解的。

  同上一个单词中的后缀-ible一样,-able也是一个常用的形容词后缀。如:desirable(值得要的),irritable(易怒的),reasonable(合理的),noticeable(明显的)。

  excuse可以做名词用,意思是“借口,理由”,也可以一做动词哟功能,意思是“原谅,宽恕”或“免除”。

  1) You don't have to make any excuse.(你不用编任何借口。)

  2) There is no excuse for not giving them a chance.(没有理由不给他们机会。)

  3) Please excuse my carelessness.(请原谅我的粗心。)

  4) I could never excuse him for being so rude.(我永远也不会原谅他如此无礼。)

  5) She was excused from long hours' of practice.(她可以免除长时间的练习。)

  6) This is an excusable mistake.(这是个可原谅的错误。)

  7) In women, crying is excusable, but in men, crying is a mark of weakness.

  (女人哭是可以原谅的,而男人哭则是软弱的标志。)

  8. capacity n. 容量;能力。

  1) The theatre has a seating capacity of 3000.(这个剧院能容纳3000名观众。)

  2) The theatre was filled to capacity.(剧院里座无虚席。)

  3) The book is beyond the capacity of young readers.(这本书超出了少年读者的理解力。)

  4) The storage vessel has a capacity of 10,000 liters.(这个存储器的容积是1万升。)

  5) It is necessary to develop students' capacity for reasoning. (培养学生的推理能力很有必要。)

  9. incapacity n. 无能力,不能。

  1) He lived from hand to mouth because of his incapacity to work.(由于无力工作,他勉强对付着过日子。)

  2) Growing incapacity is coming with increasing age.(能力的丧失会随着年龄的增长而加剧。)

  10. organism n. 生物体,有机体。

  1) These creatures are descended from simpler organisms.(这些生物源于更低等的生物体。)

  2) Factories and cities are more complex organisms self-sufficient villages.

  (工厂和城市是比自给自足的村庄更复杂的机体。)

  11. restore v. 使恢复,使回复。

  1) The old building was restored by the people of the city.(城里的老百姓修复了那座古建筑。)

  2) The doctor restored him to health.(医生使他恢复了健康。)

  3) The relations between the two countries were restored to normal.(两国之间的关系恢复正常了。)

  4) The police restored a lost child to the parents.(警察把迷失的孩子交还其父母。)

  5) He was restored to his post after he had been proved innocent.(被证明清白后,他复了职。)

  12. dynamic adj. 动力的,动态的;有生气的,有力的。

  1) He gradually became accustomed to living in this dynamic city.(他渐渐习惯生活在这座生气勃勃的城市里。)

  2) A dynamic leadership is indispensable to the successful completion of this project.

  (这项工程的成功完成离不开强有力的领导。)

  3) Words like “fly” and “run” are dynamic verbs.(像“飞”和“跑”这样的词是动态动词。)

  13. stability n. 稳定,稳定性;坚定,恒心。

  stability 是stable的名词形式,而stabilize则是动词。

  1) The new administration had to try hard to regain a stable economy and a stable currency.

  (新政府努力恢复经济稳定和通货稳定。)

  2) The stable political environment helped to bring about the economic prosperity.

  (政治环境的稳定有助于经济繁荣的产生。)

  3)The world needs stable peace.(世界需要持久的和平。)

  4)Internal arguments had threatened the stability of the government.(内部的争执已经威胁政府的稳定。

  5) The patient's condition began to stabilize.(病人的病情开始稳定。)

  6) They are taking measures to stabilize prices.(他们正在采取措稳定物价。)

  14.interference n. 干涉,干预;妨碍。

  在第十八单元中我们已经学过了动词interfere, interference是 interfere的名词形式。

  1)I couldn't hear the program because there was too much interference.(我听不清节目,因为干扰太大。)

  2)He wanted to do it on his own without any outside interference.(他想自己独立做那件事,不受任何外界干扰。)

  3)They didn't expect any interference from their parents.(他们没有料到会有来自父母的干预。)

  4)No country has the right to interfere in another country's internal affairs.(任何国家都无权干涉别国内政。)

  5)Misty weather interfered with the contact.(雾天妨碍联络。)

  15.damage n. 损害,损失;赔偿金。    v. 损伤,毁坏。

  1)Fortunately, the damage to the boat was not too serious.(所幸的是船的损坏不太严重。)

  2)I don't want to see the rumor do any damage to your reputation.(我不想看到这个谣传有害你的名誉。)

  3)He got $500 damages for the injury he suffered in the accident.(他因事故受伤而获得500美元赔偿金。)

  4)The buildings were seriously damaged by the earthquake.(地震使房屋受到严重毁坏。)

  5)Don't damage other people’s interests.(不要损害他人利益。)

  16.maintenance n. 维持,保持;维修;维护;抚养费。

  在第二十二单元中,我们已经学过了动词maintain,maintenance是maintain的名词形式。

  1)He spent a lot on the maintenance of his car.(他在汽车维护上花了不少钱。)

  2)Maintenance of order is no easy job at this time.(这时候要维持秩序可不是件容易的事。)

  3)How much maintenance does he pay his ex-wife?(他付给前妻多少抚养费?)

  4)He takes regular physical exercise to maintain health.(他定期进行体育锻炼以保持健康。)

  5)They have maintained correspondence for 20 years.(他们保持通信联系已有20年。)

  17. animated adj. 栩栩如生的;生气勃勃的。

  1)They are having an animated discussion.(他们正在进行热烈的讨论。)

  2)The animated pieced of sculpture attracted a lot of people.(栩栩如生的雕塑作品吸引了许多人。)

  3)He felt very excited when walking in the animated city street.(走在繁忙的闹市大街上,他感到很兴奋。)

  18. shed v. 流出,发出,散发。

  1)Roses shed their fragrance in the garden.(玫瑰的芳香散发在花园里。)

  2)The trees have shed all their leaves in winter.(冬天,树上的叶子全掉了。)

  3)She couldn't help shedding tears when she heard the story.(听了那个故事,她不禁流下了眼泪。)

  19. lessen v. 减少,减轻;缩小,贬低。

  我们曾讲过-en是一个常用的动词后缀,可以用在形容词或名词后面构成动词,如: shorten, broaden, brighten, worsen, lengthen, heighten等等。

  1)They are doing everything possible to lessen tensions between the two nations.(他们正在尽一切可能缓和两国之间的紧张局势。)

  2)I don't know what I can do to lessen his pain.(我不知道我能做什么来减轻他的痛苦。)

  3)He wanted to get the upper hand by lessening the achievements of his rivals.(他想用贬低对手成就的方式来占上风。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:54:44 [只看该作者]

20. defect n. 缺点,欠缺。 ∣′di:fekt∣       vi. 逃跑,背叛。 ∣di′fekt∣

  1) She has a hearing defect.(她有听觉缺陷。)

  2) He was surprised to find that the TV set has a basic defect.(他发现那台电视机有个大毛病,非常吃惊。)

  3) He defected to the enemy.(他向敌方叛逃。)

  21. intention n. 意图,打算。

  1) He hurt his friends feelings without intention.(他无意间伤害了朋友的感情。)

  2) I had made it clear that I had no intention of spending the rest of my life in such a place.(我已明确表示我无意在此度过余生。)

  3) He was motivated by good intentions.(他的动机是善意的。)

  4) Mr. Brown had no intention to resign.(布郎先生不打算辞职。)

  本课简介

  哭往往被认为是软弱的表示,是女性的特征,是幼稚的行为,美国男人丝毫不愿意与这一切沾边,所以他们不哭。在人人追求快乐的国度里,哭可太没美国味了。女人生就柔弱、依赖,她们哭很自然,而男人,千万不能哭。对于小男孩,我们让他们铭记“小男子汉是从来不哭的,只有小女孩和好哭的孩子才哭。”

  美国男人不哭是因为他们随着年龄的增长体内的某个生物钟使其哭的能力消耗殆尽了吗?不是,他们是被调教得想哭时也不哭了。自幼受这样的训练,于是他们就有了不会哭的能力。

  作者认为这样做不可取,因为哭是人这种生物的一种自然功能,哭能使感情失衡的人恢复到均衡状态。对均衡状态的干扰将对人体有害。在感情失衡的情况下,哭一哭有助于保持健康。人类是自然界中唯一在哭泣时流泪的生物,把人调教得不会哭则会养活他的人性。美国父母的好意,如果造成了这种结果岂不可悲?

  本课主要语言点

  1. American men don't cry because it is considered not characteristic of men to do so.

  动词consider的用法如下:

  ① Consider +宾语+宾补

  They considered the attack a mistake. (他们认为这次进攻是错误。)

  ② Consider +宾语+动词不定式

  They considered themselves to be very lucking.(他们认为自己很幸运。)

  ③ Consider +宾语+ as

  They don't consider it as important.(他们认为那个不重要。)

  ④ Consider +宾语+形容词

  They consider it wise not to criticize him.(他们认为不批评他是明智的。)

  ⑤ Consider +宾语

  He had no time to consider the matter.(他没有时间考虑这个事情。)

  ⑥ Consider +V-ing

  He is considering changing his job.(他在考虑换一份工作。)

  “be considered not characteristic of ……,” consider 在此处的用法当归于④。be characteristic of 意思是 be typical of.如:

  1)Carelessness and impatience are characteristic of him.(粗心、无耐心是他的特点。)

  2)Long winter and short spring are characteristic of the climate here.(冬天漫长,春天短暂是这儿的气候特点。)

  3)Crying is not the characteristic of man.(哭泣不是男子汉的特征。)

  2. … no American male wants to be identified with anything in the least weak or feminine.

  be identified with意思是 be closely involved or associated with.如:

  1) Of the 34 candidates nearly a third were identified with big financial groups.

  (在34名候选人当中,近三分之一的人与大财团有紧密联系。)

  2) He is closely identified with the former president.(他与前总统关系密切。)

  in the least 用来强调否定,意思是“丝毫,一点儿。”如:

  1)I don't mind in the least.(我一点也不在意。)

  2)She was not in the least Jealous.(她丝毫不嫉妒。)

  3. In a land so devoted to the pursuit of happiness as ours, crying really is rather un-American.

  本句中的devoted是个形容词,to是介词,通常用be devoted to .devote用作动词,则可用devote………to

  1) The students are devoted to their studies.(学生们专心学习。)

  2) He is devoted to the cause of peace.(他致力于和平事业。)

  3) They have devoted all their time to helping the poor.(他们把所有的时间都用在帮助穷人上。)

  4) She devoted herself to her pupil.(她把全部身心倾注在学生身上。)

  the pursuit of 意思是“对…追求(追捕)”。 in the pursuit of 是常用介词短语。

  1) They are in pursuit of the escaped criminal.(他们在追捕逃犯。)

  2) The album is produced in the pursuit of ellcellence.(这个专辑在制作过程中力求完美。)

  land 在句中的意思是“country国家”。如:

  1) He used to work in a distant land.(他曾在一个遥远的国度工作。)

  2) He returned to his native land many years later.(许多年后,他回到了祖国。)

  ours 在句中指our land

  4. Women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex, it is only natural that they should cry in certain emotional situations.

  women being the “weaker” and “dependent” sex是名词+V-ing的独立结构,表示原因。这句话的意思是because women are the “weaker” and “dependent” sex.

  请看下面的例句,注意掌握名词+V-ing表示原因的独立结构。

  1) So many members being absent, the meeting had to be put off.(因为很多人不在场,会议只好延期。)

  2) The question being so difficult, we must take time to consider it carefully.

  (因为这个问题很困难,我们得花时间仔细考虑。)

  3) The weather being terrible, they had to change their plan.(天气很糟糕,他们不得不改变计划。)

  5. …crying is a mark of weakness

  mark 在句中作名词用,意思是“标示,特征”,如:

  1) He gave her a gift as a mark of gratitude.(他送给她一份礼物以表谢意。)

  2) They removed their hats as a mark of respect.(他们脱帽以表敬意。)

  3) These buildings display the mark of early Greek influence.(这些建筑表现出受早期希腊影响的特征。)

  mark还有许多其它意思,如:

  1) He got 70 marks out of 100.(他得了100分中的70分。)

  2) There are a lot of ink marks on the wall.(墙上有许多墨水渍。)

  3) He made a few marks with his pen.(他用笔做了几个记号。)

  4) Be careful not to mark the table.(小心别在桌上留下痕迹。)

  5) Mark all the big cities on the map.(在地图上把所有大的城市标出来。)

  6. So goes the American belief with regard to crying.

  so在句中用作副词,表示前面所说的(哭是软弱的标志)也适用于此。so在句首,句子倒装。

  1) -He looks very hot and dry.(他看上去又热又干。)

  -so would you if you had a high fever.(如果你发高烧,你也如此。)

  2) His shoes are brightly polished, so is his briefcase.(他的鞋擦得很亮,他的公文包也是这样。)

  with regard to也可用in regard to,意思是“regarding, be concerned with”(至于,就…而文论)。如:

  This plant is not at all demanding with regard to water, soil and climate.(这种植物对水土气候一点不苛求。)

  7. “A little man,” we impress on our male children, never cries动词impress用法如下:

  ① impress sb. with sth.(给某人留下…印象)

  I hope I can impress my new boss with my diligence.(我希望我的勤勉能给新老板留下印象。)

  ② impress sth on sb.(给某人留下…印象;使某人理解…的重要)

  She impressed on the Government the serious effect of high unemployment.

  (她使政府意识到高失业率的严重影响。)

  课文中的这个句子的意思是we impress “A little man never cries” on the mind of our male children.(我们让男孩铭记“小男子汉决不哭泣。”)

  8. And so we condition males in America not to cry whenever they feel like doing so.

  本句中的第一个so用作副词,意思是“因此,所以”如:

  1) She is the only person I know in the city,so I went to her for help

  (在这座城市里,她是我唯一的熟人,所以我将去求她帮忙。)

  2) He speaks very little Chinese, so I talked to him in English.(他不太会讲中文,所以我用英文跟他交谈。)

  句中的第二个用作代词,代替前文的词语或意思,本句中代指cry(哭)。

  1) If you say so, I'll have to believe it.(如果你这样说,我只有相信了。)

  2) Is it raining?(在下雨吗?)

  I'm afraid so.(恐怕是的。)

  condition在本句中用作动词,意思是“(训练,使适应)”,如:

  1) They conditioned her not to flare up over trifles.(他们使她养成不为小事发脾气的习惯。)

  2) They are conditioning the horse for a race.(他们在训练那匹马以参加比赛。)

  feel的后面必须接名词或动名词。如:

  1) I feel like singing.(我想唱歌。)

  He feels like having a talk with her.(他想与她谈一谈。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:55:09 [只看该作者]

9. It is not that American males are unable to cry because of some biological clock within them which cause them to run down in that capacity as they grow alder, but that they are trained not to cry.

  本句中的(It is )not that…but that…。 是英语中的常用结构,意思是“不是因为…而是因为…”。如:

  1) It is not that I am not interested in it, but that I am fully occupied.

  (不是因为我对这个没兴趣,而是因为我太忙了。)

  2) It is not that I have no trust in him, but that I have to keep the promise of secrecy.

  (不是因为我不信任他,而是因为我得信守保密的诺言。)

  cause sb. to do sth.意思是“使某人做某事”。如:

  1) Careless caused him to fail the exam. (粗心致使他考试不及格。)

  2) What caused him to change his mind? (是什么使他改变主意?)

  run down 意思是“reduce;exhaust” (降低;耗尽)。如:

  1) The battery is run down. (电池的电用完了。)

  2) The factory is running down its production. (工厂在紧缩生产。)

  10. Thus do we produce a trained incapacity in the American male to cry.

  本句可以理解为:

  Therefore, we make the American males have a trained ability not to cry.

  (于是我们使得美国男人具有了不会哭的能力。)

  thus放在句首时,句子、可倒装,也可不用倒装。

  11. … to restore the emotionally disequilibrated person to a state of equilibrium.

  restore sb. to a state of …(使某人恢复…状态),如:

  1) The doctor restored the old man to a state of health. (医生使那位老人恢复了健康。)

  2) It is difficult to restore the country to a state of stability. ( 要使那个国家恢复稳定是件困难的事。)

  12. Crying serves a homeostatic function for the organism as a whole.

  动词serve通常用在短语serve as中,意思是“起…作用”)

  1)He served as an adviser to the company. ( 他任公司顾问。)

  2)This sofa serves as a bed. (这张沙发当床用。)

  serve the function也是“起…作用”的意思。

  as a whole 意思是“作为一个整体,总的来说”。如:

  The temperature for that country as a whole is high. (这个国家的气温总的来说是高的。)

  13. The human species is the only one in the whole of animated nature that shed tears.

  that shed tears 是定语从句,修饰one .当先行词的前面有only时,定语从句不可以用which引导,而必须用that引导。如:

  1) He is the only person that I trust. (他是我唯一信任的人。)

  2) This is the only game that I enjoy. (这是我唯一喜欢的比赛。

  shed tears 意思是“流泪”,如:

  1)The story made me shed tears. (那个故事使我流了泪。)

  2)When a crocodile sheds tears, it doesn't mean it is sad. ( 鳄鱼流泪并不意味它伤心。)

  14. And this, among other things, is what American parents -with the best intention in the world-have achieved for the American male.

  本句中的this 代指上一句所讲的内容。

  with the best intention 意思是“有着最美好的意愿”。

  achieve sth. 意思是“取得成就”。如:

  1) I achieved nothing. (我一无所成。)

  2) He achieved his goal after many hardships. ( 经过很多艰难困苦后他实现了自己的目标。)

  15. …and clear our minds of those cobwebs of confusion which have for so long prevented us from understanding the natural necessity of crying.

  clear 在本句中作动词用,意思是“清除”。如:

  Let me clear the furnace of ash. (让我把炉子里的灰清掉。)

  prevent sb. from doing sth.意思是“妨碍(阻止)某人做某事”。如:

  1) The traffic jam prevented me from getting home earlier. (交通阻塞使我无法早点到家。)

  The heavy fog prevented the train from arriving on schedule. (大雪使火车无法准点到达。)

  本课主要短语及表达

  1. be characteristic of

  2. identify with

  3. in the least

  4. disapprove of

  5. devote to

  6. (in) the pursuit of

  7. a mark of

  8. with regard to

  9. impress sth. on sb

  10. feel like doing sth.

  11. run down

  12. go on doing sth.

  13. restore …to …

  14. a state of

  15. be known as

  16. as a whole

  17. shed tears

  18. with the best intention

  19. clear sth. of

  20. prevent from

  Text B    stop worrying now!

  短语表达

  1. deal with

  He is really hard to deal with.

  You may have to have extensive experiences to deal with issues like this.

  2. choose to

  After graduation from college, he chooses to take a poorly paid job instead.

  If you choose to stay, I'm afraid you will also have to finish that writing first.

  3. in the first place

  You shouldn't take him on that trip in the first place.

  There was this hidden error in the first place. How could you put all the blame on me?

  4. label as

  I can hardly believe that you could label it as toys.

  His pitiful copy of my writing was labeled as the most creative in his class. What a joke!

  5. can't help doing something

  Despite repeated advice by my doctor, I simply can't help eating this fatty meat whenever there is a chance.

  The boy could not help crying when he lost sight of his loving father.

  6. hang on to sth

  He hung on to his toy gun.

  The little girl hung on to her mother's hand when they crossed the street.

  7. risk doing sth

  You will risk losing your job if you go on like this.

  He risked being criticized when he was late for the meeting.

  8. result in

  The safety measures will result in the reduction of work accidents.

  The game resulted in a tie.

  9. use up

  Since the energy on the earth can be used up one day, we will have to look for new energy sources right now.

  Can you fetch me some paper? I've used up all of them.

  10. back down

  I backed down carefully when I spotted a cobra on the island.

  If they are not going to back down, we may have to find another way of compromise.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/1 21:57:30 [只看该作者]

自考“英语(一)”

终于发完了,呵呵呵

我觉得上面以及前几十贴的内容不单单是为了自考才有用,对平常的用语,也可以做到的.希望朋友好好学.

现在网络时代的来临,也毕将需要英语做为基础.....


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