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自考英语(一)课堂笔记完整版 (三)  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:56:08 [只看该作者]

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Unit11(第32讲—第34讲)

  Text A   The Great American Garage Sale

  本课主要单词

  1. garage n. 车库,汽车修理厂

  1) Jim jumped out the car and opened the garage doors.(杰姆跃出车外,把车库门打开。)

  2) It is already 6:30. I think the garage must be closed.(已经六点半了,我想汽车修理厂准已关门了。)

  3) Mr. Henderson worked as a garage mechanic before he retired. (退休前亨德森先生做汽车修理工。)

  4) They decided to have a garage sale to get rid of some unwanted stuff.(他们打算进行一次现场旧货出售,把一些不需要的物品清除掉。)

  2. unwanted adj. 没人要的;不需要的,多余的

  1) The little girl felt unwanted when both her parents left her. (父母丢下了她,小姑娘觉得自己是多余的。)

  2) Herbicides can be used to keep down unwanted plants.(除莠剂可以被用来控制多余的植物的生长。)

  3) The unwanted objects are set out on the front yard of their home.(那些不需要的物品就展示在他们家的前院里。)

  在英语中,用前缀 un——加动词的过去分词构成的形容词很多,如:unexpected( 想不到的),uneducated(没受教育的),undisturbed( 没受到干挠的),unhurried(不慌不忙的)等等。

  3. rid v. 使摆脱,使去掉

  1)We must rid ourselves of the illusions and be more practical. (我们必须去掉幻想,更加务实。)

  2)Who do you think can rid the country of this wickedness?(你觉得谁能使这个国家摆脱邪恶?)

  3)You should try to get rid of the uneasy feeling. (你应该尽量使自己摆脱这种不安的感觉。)

  4)Jack got rid of the old van and bought himself a new Buick. (杰克卖了那辆旧货车,给自己买了辆新别克。)

  5)He just didn't know how to get rid of that annoying boy.(他就是不知道怎么摆脱那个恼人的男孩。)

  4. homemade adj. 家里做的;自制的;本国制造的

  1) The cake is really tasty. I didn't expect it is homemade.(这蛋糕味道真好,我没想到这是家里做的。)

  2) The woman told the boy that candy was homemade.(那位夫人对男孩说糖果是自制的。)

  在英语中,像homemade 这类词很常见,如:handmade, machine-made, man-made, China-made等等。

  5. neighborhood n. 四邻,邻近地区,附近

  1) He told the police that he lived in a wealthy neighborhood. (他对警察说他住在富人区。)

  2) They didn't know they lived in the same neighborhood.(他们不知道他们俩在同一地段。)

  3) The noise from the construction site disturbed the entire neighborhood.(工地的噪声骚扰了整个地区的居民。)

  4) She sent the child to the neighborhood nursery, as she had to go to work.(她把孩子送进了附近的托儿所,因为她得去上班。)

  5) He lives in the neighborhood of a shopping center.(他住在一个商店区附近。)

  6. advertisement n. 广告;启事;公告

  1)Today's newspaper has an advertisement for air-hostesses.(今天的报纸载有一则招聘空姐的广告。)

  2)They decided to place an advertisement on TV for the child as lost.(他们决定在电视上登走失儿童的广告。)

  在使用中,我们常用ad. 作为advertisement的简写。

  advertising也可用作名词,意思是“广告业,登文选”,或“广告(总称)”

  1) He runs a firm that does big advertising.(他经营着一家做大规模广告生意的公司。)

  2) The newspaper carries much advertising.(这报纸上登有大量广告。)

  3) The supermarket attracted many customers by advertising.(这家超市用广告吸引了众多顾客。)

  advertise 做动词用,意思是“(为)…做广告;宣传”

  He saw a teaching post advertised by the local newspaper.(他在当地报纸上看到一则招聘教师的广告。)

  7. ever-increasing adj. 不断增长的

  1) They are trying hard to meet the ever-increasing demands of the neighborhood.(他们正在努力满足这地区的人们不断增长的需要。)

  2) The ever-increasing number of students put a great strain on them.(不断增长的学生人数给他们带来了很大的压力。)

  英语中这一类的形容词也不少见,如:ever blooming (四季开花的),ever lasting (永久的)

  8. stuff n. 原料;东西   v. 塞满

  1) He has got all the stuff ready for building his new house. (他已备齐新房所需的全部材料。)

  2) She is always eating sweet stuff.(她总是吃甜食。)

  3) He is unwilling to read the stuff he has written to the whole class.(他不愿意把自己写的东西读给全班听。)

  4) The old man stuffed his pipe with tobacco.(老人把烟斗装满烟丝。)

  5) The boy stuffed the bills carelessly into his pocket. ( 那男孩随便地把钞票往口袋里一塞。)

  6) The book is stuffed with interesting stories. (这本书里全是有趣的故事。)

  请注意区别stuff 与staff,staff通常用做名词,意思是“全体职员”

  1) The school has got a staff of 800. (这所学校有800名教员。)

  2) They have large stuffs of language experts (他们有大批语言专家。)

  9. cast off adj. 抛弃的;穿旧的    n. 被抛弃的人(或物)

  1) He was reluctant to dress in his older brother's castoffs.(他不愿意穿哥哥丢下的旧衣服。)

  2) He felt himself a social castoff (他觉得自己是一个被社会抛弃的人。)

  cast off 是一个词组动词,意思是“把…放开”,“丢弃;与…断绝关系”。

  1)He cast off the hunting dog to chase the wounded hare.(他放开猎狗去追受伤的野兔。)

  2)Cast off all restraints and do with you like.(抛掉一切限制去做你喜欢的事。)

  10. extra adj. 额外的    adv. 非常

  1) She could get some extra sleep at weekends.(周末时她可以多睡一会儿。)

  2) Mother needs extra help in the kitchen.(妈妈需要额外的人手帮厨。)

  3) He was extra nice to them. (他对他们特别好。)

  4) Mr. Jones arrived extra late.(琼斯先生到得格外迟。)

  11. original adj. 起初的;独创的     n. 原作

  1)Philadelphia was the original capital of the united states. (费城是美国的旧都。)

  2)What is the original meaning of this word?(这个词的原义是什么?)

  3)The original plans were changed (原先的计划改了。)

  4)he has some original ideas in his book.(他的书里有创新思想。)

  5)The teacher asked us to read some novels in their original versions.(老师让我们读一些原版小说。)

  12. remnant n. 残余,剩余

  1) They dumped the remnants of the feast into the garbage can. (他们把残羹剩菜倒进了垃圾桶。)

  2) The remnant of the defeated army withdrew to a valley.(战败部队的残兵撤进了山谷。)

  3) The remnant is large enough for an apron.(这块零头布足够做个围裙了。)

  13. bargain n. 交易;特价商品    v. 讨价还价

  1) I was sure it would be a losing bargain at the beginning.(我开始就认定这是一笔赔本买卖。)

  2) She showed me how to shop bargains. (她让我看看该怎样觅购特价商品。)

  3) I'm considering the possibility of bargaining with our opponent.(我在考虑和对手谈判的可能性。)

  4) She refused to bargain over the price. (她不愿讨价还价。)

  14. fabulous adj. 神话式的,惊人的

  1)He is a fabulous figure in history.(他是历史上的传奇式人物。)

  2)Mr. Wang really didn't know what to do with fabulous fortune at the moment. (王先生一时不知如何处置这笔巨额财富。)

  3)We had a fabulous time at the party.(我们在晚会上玩得很痛快。)

  15. mercy n. 慈悲,宽容

  1) Have some mercy on the poor child (对可怜的孩子发发慈悲吧。)

  2) He showed no mercy on (to) his opponents. (他对对手毫不手软。)

  3) The jury found him guilty and did not recommend mercy.(陪审团认为他有罪,所以未提请法庭宽大处理。)

  4) What a mercy that you could survive the air crash.(你能在空难中幸存是多么幸运啊!)

  at the mercy of 任凭…的摆布

  for mercy's sake 看在上帝的份上

  leave…。to the mercies of 听由…任意摆布

  16. reluctant adj. 不情愿的

  1) He was reluctant to give them any help. (他不愿意给他们任何帮助。)

  2) She gave us a reluctant promise (他勉强地给了我们允诺。)

  17. bound adj. 一定的;受约束的;开往…

  1)We are bound to succeed.(我们一定会成功。)

  2)He is bound to refuse.(他一定会拒绝)

  3)She has no time to go shopping as she is bound to her job.(她被工作束缚住了,没时间去购物。)

  4)Where are you bound for?(你上哪儿去了?)

  5)He is bound for home from Shanghai(他在从上海回家的途中。)

  


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:56:20 [只看该作者]

本课简介

  “ The Great American Garage Sale”这篇课文通过对一户普通的美国家庭把家里不再需要的物品整理出来进行现场旧货出售一事的描述,告诉读者现场旧货出售在美国深受普通百姓的喜爱,买卖双方都乐在其中。究其原因不外乎如下几点:

  1)充抵不断上扬的生活费用;

  2)享受结识新朋友的快乐;

  3)希冀有意外收获的美梦成真。Garage sale 既降福予者也降福取者,只是有一天买东西的人会成为卖东西的人,因为他也遇到了同一个问题-如何打发掉家里多余的物品。

  本课主要语言点

  1. Not long ago, Charles Erickson and his family decided to do some Spring housecleaning.

  动词do 常与一些名词连用。表示从事某种普通的活动或工作,比如:do you teeth ( brush your teeth ) ,

  do the flowers ( arrange the flowers ) , do the dishes ( wash the dishes )。再请看一些例句:

  1)When mother was away, I did the cooking and Tom did the cleaning.(妈妈不在家时,我做饭,汤姆搞卫生。)

  2)Who does the washing up after each meal?(每顿饭后谁洗餐具?)

  3)I will go to supermarket to do some shopping this afternoon.(今天下午,我要去超市买点东西。)

  2. Sorting through their possessions, they cane up with some 1,500 old, unwanted items-all sorts of things they wanted to get rid of.

  sort 通常做名词用,意思是“种类、类别”,如:

  1) What sort of iron did she buy this morning? (她今天上午买的哪一种熨斗?)

  2) I don't think he will be interested in this sort of book.(我想他不会对这一类书感兴趣。)

  3) He would find all sorts of excuses for his failure.(他会为自己的失败找寻各种借口。)

  在本句中sort用作动词,意思是“整理;分类”。Sort常用于短语sort out,但out也常可省略。

  1) He was alone in the post office sorting letters.(他独自一个在邮局里分拣信件。)

  2) Old John was sorting through a pile of old shoes.(老约翰正在整理一堆旧鞋。)

  3) The teacher asked Mary to sort out the bigger balls.(老师让玛丽把大一点的球拣回来。)

  4) I need to sort out my own problems first.(我需要先把我自己的问题解决。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:56:38 [只看该作者]

 

Unit11(第32讲—第34讲)

  come up with 这个短语我们在前面碰到过,意思是“提供,提出,想出”,在本句中该短语意为“产生,制造出”。

  1)We always count on Xian Li to come up with help of one kind or another.(我们总是可以指望小李提供这样或那样的帮助。)

  2)He came up with a good idea after 2 hours' of thinking.(经过两个小时的思考,他想出了一个好主意。)

  3)The company has come up with a new time-saving device. (这家公司已制造出一种新的省时装置。)

  get rid of 这个短语已在词汇部分做了讲解,请再看两个例句:

  1)It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit (去掉不良习惯不是一件容易的事)

  2)I want to get rid of this old bike and buy a new one.(我想卖掉这辆旧自行车,买辆新的。)

  3. The Ericssons needn't have worried

  表示姓名的专有名词变成复数,前面加定冠词the,指此姓的一家人,或夫妇俩,如:

  1) The Blacks were in France when the earthquake happened in their hometown(家乡发生地震时,布莱克一家正在法国。)

  2) The wangs were holding a birthday party when the police paid them a visit.(警察来访时,王先生夫妇在举行生日聚会。)

  “needn't + have + 过去分词”表示在某时之前本无必要做某事,如:

  1) We needn't have worried so much about him. He is old enough to take care of himself.(我们本无必要为他如此担心,他是大人了,该会照顾自己了。)

  2) You needn't have told him everything about it. It has nothing to do with him.(你本无必要把一切都告诉他,这件事跟他无关。)

  3) I needn't have worked so hard if you could give me a little help.(如果你给我一点帮助,我本不用如此辛苦的。)

  4. Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend leaving the family $442 richer.

  all but是一个常用短语,意思是“几乎,差不多;除了……都”,如:

  1) Give me one more minute. I have all but finished.(再给我一分钟,我差不多要做完了。)

  2) He found all but one exit blocked.(除了一个出口外,其余的出口都被封了。)

  3) All the boys but him went camping last weekend.(上周末除了他之外,所有的男孩都出去野营了。)

  leave在本句中的意思是“使……处于某种状态”,如:

  1)Leave the door open.(让门开着吧。)

  2)The seven-day strike left the company in great confusion.(为期七天的罢工使公司极其混乱。)

  3)The result has left everybody dissatisfied.(结果使每一个人都不满意。)

  4)The new policy would leave taxpayers worse off.(新政策使纳税人处境更糟。)

  5. Rising living costs are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them

  本句中的rising可以看作为形容词,做定词,修饰其后的名词短语,

  如:rising prices (上涨的物价),the rising rate of inflation(上升的通货澎胀率),

  rising sun(升起的太阳朝阳)

  consider 是一个常用动词,请看下面的例句,注意consider的用法:

  1) They consider themselves to be very lucky. ( 他们认为自己很幸运。Consider to be)

  2) They don't consider it as important.(他们认为这个不重要。consider as, 用被动语态则是be considered as )

  3) He is considering moving to a smaller city.(他正在考虑搬到小一点的城市去。Consider doing sth.)

  4) I consider that one computer is not enough. (我估计一台电脑不够用。Consider+a clause)

  在前一单元我们讲到过,reason后面可以跟for, 也可以跟why,只是在for后面必须用名词或名词短语,在why后面必须用句子。请再看两个例句:

  1) Nobody knows the reason why he is so upset.(谁也不知道他为什么如此沮丧。)

  2) The reason for his going to France was unknown.(无人知晓他去法国的原因。)

  6. But beyond that, they are fun.

  beyond 是一个常用词,在本句中做介词用,意思是“除…以外”,相当于besides,多用于否定句和疑问句中,如:

  1) I know nothing of it beyond what you told me.(除了你告诉我的以外,别的我都不知道。)

  2) Beyond that, there is nothing more I can say.(除了那个,我再也没什么可说的了。)

  3) He owns nothing beyond the shabby house.(除了那个破旧的房子,他一无所有。)

  beyond做介词用时,还有“在…的那边;迟于;超出”等意思,如:

  1)What lies beyond the mountain?(山那边有什么?)

  2)Don't stay there beyond midnight.(别在那儿待到半夜后)

  3)What he said is beyond my understanding.(他说的话我不懂)

  4)How he managed to find us is beyond me.(我不清楚他是如何设法找到我们的。)

  7.One psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives.

  在动词suggest (建议,提议)后面可以用doing sth.和that从句,在that从句中用虚拟语气,请看例句:

  1) I suggest bringing the meeting to an end(我建议结束会议。)

  2) He suggested that the work (should) be started at once.(他建议立即动工。)

  3) Her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.(她父母建议她做一次体检。)

  当suggest的意思为“认为;暗示;启发;表明”时,that从句中不用虚拟语气,如:

  1) Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill (珍妮苍白有脸色表明她病了。)。

  2) He suggested that accident was my fault. (他认为那起事故是我的过错。)

  be fed up with意思是“厌倦,”相当于be tired of 或 be weary of,如:

  1)I'm fed up with his complaints(对他的抱怨我厌倦之极。)

  2)Many students are fed up with some of the dull courses(许多学生对一些乏味的课程甚为厌倦。)

  8.Many of the younger buyers say they are turned off by the poor quality of modern goods and are looking for remnants of a stringer and firmer era, when things were built to last.

  turn off是个常用短语,通常表示“关掉;解雇;避开,”在本句中的意思是“失去兴趣”,请看例句:

  1)Be sure to turn off the lights before you leave.(请你离开前务必把灯关掉。)

  2)She was turn off by the boss as she couldn't type fast enough.(她因打字不够快而被老板解雇。)

  3)He turned off the question with a shrug of the shoulder.(他耸耸肩回避开了这个问题。)

  4)This music really turns me off.(这种音乐真叫我倒胃。)

  5)A number of students are turned off by this subject.(这门课使许多学生厌烦。)

  句中的when是一个关系副词,引导非限定定语从句,也可把when看作是并列连词,意思相当于at the time,如:

  1)The meeting will be put off till next week, when all the participants will arrive from different parts of the country.(会议被推迟到下周,届时所有的与会者将从全国各地赶来。)

  2)I'll join you next month, when I will have made all the preparations.(我下个月加入你们当中,那时我将做好一切准备。)

  9. ……it blesseth him that gives and him that takes

  blesseth 为古英语动词现在时第三人称单数,相当于现在的blesses.句中的that引导的是定语从句,如:

  1) God help those that help themselves.(自助者天助。)

  2) Give it to whoever that is in need of help.(把这个给任何一个需要帮助的人。)

  


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:56:48 [只看该作者]

本课主要词组

  1. sort through    2. come up with       3. all sorts of

  4. get rid of      5. set out            6. all but

  7. put up          8. be considered as   9. be fed up with

  10. search for     11. turn off          12. run across

  13. in the back of one's mind         14. (be) of great value

  15. separate…from   16. be bound to     17. be faced with

  短语表达

  1. urge sb. to do sth. /be urged to do sth.

  They urged the management to give them a definite answer.

  2. without adv.

  Never mind, we can manage without.

  3. instead of

  He stayed at home reading instead of going to see a film.

  4. range from …to

  The boys range in age from 7 to 13.

  5. specialize in

  He specialized in biology.

  6. at low prices

  This small shop offers goods at low prices.

  7. be likely to

  He is likely to come late.

  8. refer to

  He used to be referred to as “the Iron Man”。

  9. be known for

  China is known for its silk and tea.

  10. keep the flavor

  The vegetable cannot keep its flavor if overcooked.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:57:12 [只看该作者]

 

Unit12(第35讲—第37讲)

  Text A  How Dictionaries Are Made

  本课主要单词

  1. mainly adv. 主要地;大部分地

  1) I don't know what his interests are, because we talk mainly about work when we meet.

  (我不知道他的兴趣是什么,因为我们见面时主要谈工作。)

  2) The visitors were mainly students from Mainland China.(来访者多半是来自中国大陆的学生。)

  3) He quit the job mainly because of health problem.(他辞了那份工用是由于健康原因。)

  2. grammarian n. 语法学家

  -ian或-an是一个名词后缀,表示“…地方的人”,“精通…的人”,“信奉…的人”,如:American(美国人),Italian(意大利人),Musician(音乐家),Historian(历史学家),Confucian(儒家),Christian(基督徒)

  grammarian这个单词是由grammar加后缀-ian 构成的。

  3. supreme adj. 最高的;极度的,最主要的

  1)He enjoys supreme power in this country(他在这个国家享有至高无上的权力。)

  2)They are fulfilling a task of supreme importance.(他们正在完成一项极其重要的任务。)

  3)No one expected that he would change his idea at the supreme moment.(谁也没料到他会在决定性的时刻改变主意。)

  Supreme court(美国联邦(州)最高法院。)

  The supreme commander (最高统帅)

  Supreme Soviet (前苏联最高苏维埃)

  4. authority n. 官方,当局;权利,权威

  1)The government is the highest authority in the country(政府是国家的最高权利机构)

  2)Have you talked it over with the authorities concerned?(你已经跟有关当局讨论过这个问题了吗?)

  3)What authority do you have for entering this house?(你有什么权利进这个屋子?)

  4)Who is the authority on this subject?(谁是这门学科的权威?)

  5)Chinese parents have more authority over their children(中国的父母对孩子更有权威。)

  5. usage n. 惯用法;使用;用法

  1)It's difficult to master the usage of these grammatical forms.(要掌握这些语法形式的用法很困难。)

  2)That phrase has gone out of usage.(那短语已不再为大家所惯用。)

  Usage 常表示语言等的“用法”,“使用”,“惯用法”,我们不能说incorrect usage,而应该说incorrect use.

  6. dispute v. 争吵;对…提出质疑       n. 争论,争端

  1) They are disputing with each other on/about the ownership of the territory.

  (他们正在就领土所有权问题进行争论。)(dispute做不及物动词用)

  2) They disputed how to get the best results. (他们争论如何才能取得最好的效果。)(dispute作及物动词用)

  3) Your honesty has never been disputed.(没有人怀疑过你的诚实。)(dispute作及物动词用)

  4) There has been much dispute, and the question is certainly not yet settled(争论很多,所以这个问题当然还没解决。)(dispute作不可数名词用)

  5) They lived together happily without disputes.( 他们快乐地生活在一起,没有任何争吵。)(dispute作可数名词用)

  6) Her ability to do the job is not in dispute.(对她的工作能力人们没有疑问。)

  7. self-assurance n. 自信

  1) His self-assurance was based upon his faith in his own ability(他的自信基于他坚信自己的能力。)

  2) His self-assurance enabled him to pull through difficulties.(他的自信使他能够渡过困难。

  assure v. 使确信;使放心;向…保证;保障

  1)Please assure my parents that I am safe and sound.(请让我父母放心我安全而健康。)

  2)I can assure you of the reliability of the information.(我可以向你保证这消息是可靠的。)

  3)This film had assured him a place in movie history.(这部影片保证了他在电影史上的地位。)

  assurance n. 把握;信念;自信;保证

  1) I have full assurance of the feasibility of the plan.(我充分相信这个计划的可行性。)

  2) “He will be here soon”, said Mary with assurance.(“他很快会到这儿”,玛丽很有把握地说。)

  3) He gave us the assurance that he wouldn't let out the secret.(他向我们保证他不会泄露秘密。)

  8. regard v. 看待,考虑;把…看作为;尊重       n. 关心,重视;尊重;(复数)问候

  1) I regard it as difficult.(我认为这事是困难的。)

  2) They are regarded as the best table-tennis players.(他们被看作为最好的乒乓球运动员。)

  3) He was regarded highly by his students.(他很受学生们的尊敬。)

  4) You have to pay regard to public opinions.(你得重视舆论。)

  5) My regard for him grew day by day.(我对他的尊敬与日俱增。)

  6) Give my regards to your parents.(请代我问候你的父母。)

  9. peuiliar adj. 特殊的;独特的,奇怪的

  1) She expressed her gratitude to him in her own peculiar way.(她用自己独特的方式对他表达谢意。)

  2) He says this change is not peculiar to this small village.(他说这个变化不是这个小村子所独有的。)

  3) The young girl was wearing a very peculiar pair of glasses.(那个年轻姑娘戴着一副很古怪的眼镜。)

  4) She gave him a peculiar look.(她朝他古怪地看了一眼。)

  10. occurrence n. 发生,出现,事件

  1)Researchers are trying hard to find ways to reduce the occurrence of cancer.

  (研究人员正努力寻求减少癌症发病率的方法。)

  2) The occurrence took place in 1978.(这一事件发生于1978年。)

  occur v. 发生;出现;被想到

  1)Don't let the tragedy occur again.(不要让这样的悲剧再次发生。)

  2)These animals occur in Africa only.(这些动物只在非洲才有。)

  3)It occurred to me that I didn't ask for his telephone number.(我想起没有要他的电话号码。)

  4)A good idea occurred to him(他想到了一个好主意。)

  11. occupy v. 占用,占领,使忙碌

  1)The village was occupied by the enemy.(村子被敌人占领了。)

  2)I didn't expect this work would occupy so much of my time.(我没料到这一工作会占用我这么多时间。)

  3)His speech occupied 5 minutes.(他的讲话占了五分钟。)

  4)He is occupied (in) repairing the bike.(他正忙着修理自行车。)

  5)The fridge occupies a big space in the kitchen.(这台冰箱占了厨房很大的空间。)

  12. stack n. 整齐的一叠       v. 把…叠成堆

  1) He saw a stack of paper boxes in the room.(他看到房间里有一堆迭着的纸盒。)

  2)There are a stack of journals on the table.(桌子上有一叠杂志。)

  3)I have stacks of work to do. (我有一大堆工作要做。)

  4)It's dangerous to stack the firewood here. (把木柴堆在这儿很危险。)

  5)The shelf was stacked with empty bottles. (架子上堆放着空瓶子。)

  6)Father stacked up the plates and put them in the sink.(父亲把盘子叠放好,然后放入水池。)

  13. illustrate v. 说明,阐明;(用图或例子)说明

  1) Nothing illustrates his selfishness more clearly than his behavior to his wife.(没有什么比他对妻子的行为更能清楚地说明他的自私。)

  2) He told us a story to illustrate the fact that bad habits die hard.(他通过给我们讲故事来阐明积习难改的事实。)

  3) Children's books are often beautifully illustrated. (儿童书籍常常有美丽的插图。)

  4) He gave us an example to illustrate his point. (他给了我们一个例子说明自己的观点。)

  14. historical adj. 历史的,历史上的;

  1)They played an important part in the historical process.(在历史的进程中他们起过重要的作用。)

  2)The historical event changed him completely. (这一历史事件完全改变了他。)

  请注意区别historical和historic 这两个形容词。

  historical 指历史上存在或发生过的(actually existed,or happened in history)。

  historic指历史上有名的,有历史意义的(important in history)。

  a historical event(历史事件)-真实存在于历史上;

  a historic event (历史性事件)-具有历史意义的;

  15. discard v. 丢弃,抛弃;

  1)I don't think it is necessary for them to discard the present assembly line entirely.(我认为他们没有必要完全丢弃现有的流水线。)

  2)They ate food discarded by the restaurant (他们吃饭店丢弃的食物。)

  3)How could he discard his old friends?(他怎么能抛弃老朋友呢?)

  16. reveal v. 揭露,泄露;展现,显示;

  1)He didn't reveal what he had felt about her.(他没有透露对她的感觉。)

  2)David revealed a talent for fixing things.(大卫展现出修理东西的才能。)

  3)He didn't want to reveal his identity at the time. (那时他不想暴露自己的身份。)

  17. influence n. 影响,v. 影响

  1)The old man had a great influence on the family.(那位老人对家庭的影响很大。)

  2)His teachings exerted a strong influence on the young people.(他的教导给年轻人施以深刻的影响。)

  3)The government would use its influence to try to make the talk successful.(政府将以其影响努力使会谈成功。)

  4)I didn't want him to influence me in my choice.(我不想让他影响我的选择。)

  5) Do you think British art is influenced by American painting.(你认为英国的艺术受美国绘画的影响吗?)

  请注意区别influence 和affect 这两个词。

  influence常指间接地、以一种无形的力量去潜移默化地影响人的行为、性格或观点等。

  affect 表示对…产生(不良)影响,如:

  1)The economic crisis has seriously affected the export of that country.(经济危机严重影响那个国家的出口。)

  2)Too much smoking may affect your lungs.(吸烟过多会影响你的肺。)

  18. scatter v. 撒;驱散;消散;

  1)Clouds were scattered by the wind.(风起云散。)

  2)The books scattered on the desk.(书桌上撒满了书。)

  3)The noise scattered the dogs and chickens(响声使得鸡、狗四散。)

  4)The Police scattered the demonstrators with tears gas. (警察用催泪弹驱散示威者。)

  5)Don't scatter your strength. (不要分散精力。)

  19. invention n. 发明,创造;虚构;

  1)Telephone is the invention of Alexander Bell.(电话是亚历山大·贝尔发明的。)

  2)The whole thing was an invention of a New York newspaper.(整件事都是一家纽约报纸虚构的。)

  invent v. 发明、创造、虚构;

  1) When the teacher asked the pupil why he had not come to class, he invented an excuse.

  (老师问 那个学生为什么没来上课,他编造了一个借口。)

  2)Edison invented the electric bulb. (爱迪生发明了灯泡。)

  


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:57:25 [只看该作者]

本课简介

  人们普遍认为在每一个词都有其正确的词意。词典和语法书是我们寻求词意和用法的至上权威,但是我们甚少去询问词典和语法的编著者以何为据。在本篇课文中,作者详细介绍了词典编写的过程,并且强调编写词典不是对词的意思,建立权威的解释,而是竭尽所能记录下每一个词对其过去的作者而言是何意思。世界在变化,语言也在变化,我们不得不赋予旧词以新的解释、新的用法,因些词典需要增补新的内容。

  本课主要语言点

  1. …dictionaries and grammars are the supreme authority in matters of meaning and usage.

  本句中in matters of 也可用in the matter of,意思是“在……方面”,“就……而论”,如:

  1)It was impossible for them to reach an agreement because they had too many divergences in matters of detail. (他们不可能达成协议,因为在细节问题上,他们有太多的分歧。)

  2)He is considered an expert in the matter of intellectual property.(他被看作是知识产权方面的专家。)

  3)He would suffer heavy losses in matters of money if he continued to believe those dishonest people.(如果他继续相信那些不诚实的人,他会遭受巨大的经济损失。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:57:53 [只看该作者]

 

Unit12(第35讲—第37讲)

  2. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say.

  句子中的few表示否定,意思是“很少的,几乎没有的”,如果用a few则表示肯定,意思是“有些,几个”。如:

  1) Very few people survived the explosion.(在爆炸中幸存的人很少。)

  2) Many of us tried but very few succeeded .(我们许多人都试了,但成功者甚少。)

  3) He will try it a few more times.(他会再试几次。)

  4) A few of my friends speak English.(我的朋友中有几个人能讲英语。)

  by在本句中的意思相当于according to (根据)。如:

  1) Never judge a person by his appearance.(千万别以貌取人。)

  2) He would be classified as rich by Chinese standards.(依照中国的标准,他会被归于富有一类。)

  authority这个词在词汇部分已做过讲解,我们在此再巩固一下。Authorities常指“当局,官方”,用作不可数名词时,常指“权力,管辖权”,用作可数名词时,常指“专家,权威”。如:

  1)The labor union continued to seek dialogue with the authorities.(工会继续寻求与当局对话的机会。)

  2)Police have the authority to arrest law-breakers.(警察有权逮捕犯法的人。)

  3)He had made efforts to exercise his authority over those young people(他已努力对那些年轻人行使管辖权。)

  4)A good dictionary is an authority on the meanings of words.(一本好的词典是词义方面的权威。)

  5)He is now an authority on American literature.(现在他成了美国文学方面的专家。)

  本句中what是一个关系代词,引导宾语从句,如:

  1)We always mean what we say.(我们向来说话算数。)

  2)Let him do what he wants to do.(让他去做他想做的事。)

  3)I don't know what they know.(他们知道的事我并不知道。)

  3.I once got into a dispute with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary.

  once在本句中的意思是“一次,曾经”。在某些语言环境中,once也可以表示:一旦……(就……)。请看下面的例句,注意,once的不同意思:

  1)He once lived in Shanghai.(他曾经在上海住过。)

  2)Even if you only do it once, you will forever remember it.(即使你只做一次,你会永远记得。)

  3)It once belonged to my father.(这个曾经属于我父亲。)

  4)Once the sun had set, the air turned cold.(太阳一落,空气就变冷了。)

  5)Once you show any fear, he will attack you.(你一直露出恐惧,他就会攻击你。)

  6)Once published, the book will be very popular.(这本书一旦出版就会大受欢迎。)

  get into a dispute with sb. over sth.与某人就某问题进行争论,over 也可用about 替换。如:

  1) They had a dispute about where to go.(他们为了去哪里而争论。)

  2) The workers and the management got into a dispute over pay.(工人和厂方由于工资问题产生争端。)

  3) It was a dispute over economic policy.(这是一场关于经济政策的争论。)

  4. …anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as either eccentric or mad.

  who引导的是一个定语从句,修饰anyone.

  be willing to意思是:愿意做……,如:

  1)He is willing to help us.(他愿意帮助我们。)

  2)No one is willing to pay so much money for this old bike.(谁也不愿意付这么多钱买这辆旧自行车。)

  quarrel with sb.意思是“与某人争吵”。如:

  1) He quarreled with his brother yesterday.(他昨天跟他兄弟吵架了。)

  2) I don't want to quarrel with you about it.(我不想为此事跟你争吵。)

  regard as 意思是“把……看作为”,在其后可以跟名词(或名词短语,动名词短语);形容词等。如:

  1) He regarded the book as one of his masterpieces.(他把这本书看作是他的杰作之一。)

  2) He was regarded as an important figure in history.(他被看作为历史上的重要人物。)

  3) Nobody would regard this as important.(没人会认为这件事很重要。)

  4) Many people regard parents as being responsible for the control of their children.(许多人认为父母应负责管教子女。)

  either…or…。意思是为“不是……就是……”,“要么……要么……”。如:

  1)He is either drunk or mad.(他不是醉了就是疯了。)

  2)Tell them that they can either stay or leave immediately.(告诉他们,他们要么留下,要么现在就离开。)

  3)Either my brother or I am going to see my father off.(不是我兄弟就是我去为父亲送行。)

  5. The task of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of vast amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover.

  begin with 在本句中的意思是“以……开始;以……为起点”。如:

  1)I shall begin with this book today.(我打算今天先读这本书。)

  2)The drought began with that dry and hot summer.(干旱是从那个干热的夏季开始的。)

  3)The teacher began the class with a story.(老师以一个故事开始了讲课。)

  amount可以做可数名词用,也可以做不可数名词用,意思是“数量,数额”。amount的谓词动词的数与amount的数一致,而与所修饰的名词的数无关。如:

  1) A large amount of money was spent on this project.

  2) Large amounts of money were spent on this project.

  That引导的是一个定语从句,修饰the dictionary

  在be动词的后面加动词不定式,表示“安排、命令、职责、目的、用途、可能性等”。如:

  1)We are to meet at the station at 5:00 (我们约定5点钟在车站碰头。)

  2)You are to be back by 9:00.(你得在9点钟前回来。)

  3)The report is to be found in today's papers.(那个报道可在今天的报上找到。)

  Cover在本句中的意思是“涉及”。如:

  1) His researches covered a wide field .(他的研究涉及范围很广。)

  2) They covered many topics in their conversation.(他们谈话时讨论了许多问题。)

  6. The writing of a dictionary is not a task of setting up authoritative statements about the “true meanings” of words, but a task of recording to the best of one's ability, that various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past.

  Not…but在本句中的意思是“不是……而是”。如:

  1)What he needs is not money but some understanding. (他所需要的不是钱,而是一些理解。)

  2)The story I have read is not a comedy but a tragedy.(我读的那个故事不是个喜剧而是个悲剧。)

  To the best of one's ability 意思是“尽某人的最大努力”。如:

  1) I'll put the article into Chinese to the best of my ability.(我将尽最大努力把这篇文章翻成中文。)

  2) He promised to do the work to the best of his ability.(他许诺说他会尽最大努力做这个工作。)

  a task of recording what various words have meant to authors…。,what引导宾语从句,做recording 的宾语。Mean意思是“表示……的意思”,“意指”等。如:

  1) What he said means nothing to me.(他所说的对我来说毫无意义。)

  2) What does this word mean?(这个词的意思是什么?)

  我们曾经对mean这个单词做详细讲解,再请看几个例句:

  1)What do you mean by saying that to him?(你对他说那话的意思是什么?)

  2)I didn't mean to make you unhappy.(我不是故事要使你不开心的。)

  3)You know what I meant to say.(你知道我想说的是什么。)

  4)He criticism is meant for all of us.(他的批评是针对我们大家的。)

  7. … but we cannot be bound by it…。

  Bound是动词bind是过去分词,be bound by sth.意思是“受……束缚”,也可用be bound to sth.

  1) We should not be bound by conventions.(我们不应该受习俗的束缚。)

  2) Housework kept her bound to the house.(家务把她束缚在家里。)

  3) The term papers kept him bound to his desk.(学期论文使他终日厌案。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 0:58:16 [只看该作者]

本课主要词组

  1. learn…。from

  2. in matters of

  3. get into a dispute

  4. dispute over

  5. offer to do sth.

  6. look up

  7. be willing to

  8. quarrel with

  9. be regarded as

  10. arrive at

  11. apply to

  12. go on

  13. begin with

  14. vast amounts of

  15. a large number of

  16. along with

  17. such as

  18. from…to…

  19. stack of

  20. sccording to

  21. hard-and-fast rule

  22. be based on

  23. in front of

  24. be influenced by

  25. ought to

  26. not at all

  27. set up

  28. to the best of one's ability

  29. in the past

  30. send out

  31. force sb. to do sth.

  32. be bound by

  Text B  reading provides necessary survival skills

  短语表达

  1. emphasis on

  The emphasis on education would certainly bring great changes to the people and the country.

  2. be the case

  He said he was the best tennis player in his school, but it was not the case.

  3. involve sth. / doing sth.

  Accepting the job would involve working at weekends.

  4. get an idea about sth.

  Have you got any idea about the whole incident?

  5. expect from

  Don't expect too much from others. You have to learn to depend on yourself.

  6. cue in

  Remember to cue in the headmaster on what happened during his absence.

  7. apply to

  It will be great if we can apply what we have learned in books to practical work.

  8. out of

  The boy opened his sister's mail out of curiosity.

  9. keep up with

  What do you think a scientist has to do to keep up with the latest development in his field?

  10. at top speed

  If you run at top speed, you may get there in 10 minutes.

  11. concentrate on

  You will find it easier to concentrate on the reading material if you read in a quiet place.

  12. be familiar with

  I am mot familiar with the person you mentioned just now.

  13. be aware of

  He was not aware of the danger when he was walking toward the building.

  14. look up

  If you look up the word in the dictionary you will find it has two different pronunciations.

  15. slow down

  You have to slow down or you may get a fine.

  16. be alert to

  Be alert to new words and you will enlarge your vocabulary.

  17. add to

  His explanation added to my confusion.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:00:31 [只看该作者]

 

Unit13(第38讲—第40讲)

  Text A  Imsurance

  本课主要单词

  1、insurance n. 保险;保险金

  fire ( car,health,casualty ) insurance 火(汽车,健康,伤亡事故)险

  sell life insurance 兜揽人寿保险生意

  insurance policy 保险契约,保险单

  insurance company 保险公司

  insurance agent 保险代理人

  1) You will have to show your driving license and car insurance certificate.(你得出示你的驾驶证和汽车保险证明。)

  2) The holiday cost 50 pounds plus insurance and airport taxes.(这次度假的代价是50英镑,另加保险费和机场税。)

  动词insure和assure都可以指“给…保险”。如:

  1) He insured his house against fire.(他给自己的房屋保了火险。)

  2) The insurance company refused to insure him again after all his car accidents.(他的汽车出了那么多事故以后,保险公司不愿再给他保险了。)

  3) He assured his life with this company. (他向这家公司保了人寿险。)

  assure还可以指“向…保证”,“使确信”。如:

  1) She assured me that she would come earlier. (她向我保证她会早点来。)

  2) I can assure you of the quality. (它的质量我可以向你保证。)

  在美国英语中,insure可以表示“保证,确保”。如:

  We must try to insure peace around the world. (我们必须确保世界和平。)

  而另一个动词ensure常在正式用法中取代insure,表示“保证,担保”,这个动词还有“保证给予”的意思。如:

  1) His diligence will ensure his success.(他的勤劳将保证他取得成功。)

  2) I'm sorry I cannot ensure you a better job. (很报歉,我不能保证给你一个更好的工作。)

  2、coverage n. 覆盖;承保范围;新闻报道范围

  在前一个单元中,我们学了动词cover,意思是“涉及”,当然,除了“涉及”以外,cover还有其他的意思,如:

  1) Dust covered the desk. (书桌上蒙上了灰尘。)

  2) The floods covered the town. (洪水淹没了城镇。)

  3) They covered 140 miles in two hours. (他们两小时行了140英里。)

  4) Some reporters have been sent to cover the conference. (已经派了几名记者去采访会议情况。)

  5) One hundred dollars hardly covers two nights at a good hotel. (100美元几乎不够付好点旅馆两夜的房钱。)

  Coverage则做名词用,如:

  1) This radio station has great coverage.(这个无线电的覆盖范围很广。)

  2) Can you recommend me an insurance policy with extensive coverage?(你能给我推荐一个承保范围广泛的保险吗?)

  3) They had an excellent coverage on African situation. (他们对非洲形势作了出色的报道。)

  3、consumer n. 消费者;顾客

  producers and consumers 生产者和消费者

  consumer rights 消费者权益

  a consumer guide 消费者指南

  1) These machines were enormous consumers of electricity. (这些机器耗电量很大。)

  2) The change in policy will affect all gas consumers. (政策的变化会影响所有的油料消费者。)

  consume作动词用,意思是“消耗,花费”。如:

  1) He consumed much of his time in watching TV.(他花许多时间看电视。)

  2) Do you know how much oil the Americans consume daily?(你知道美国人每天的耗油是多少?)

  3) He consumed all his energy.(他耗尽了所有的精力。)

  4、policy n. 方针,政策;保险单

  policies on education 教育方针

  personnel policy 人事政策

  economic and foreign policy 经济和外交政策

  policy maker 决策人

  policy holder 投保人

  1) The policy of reform and opening to the outside world has brought about great changes to China.(改革开放政策给中国带来了巨大的变化。)

  2)This service is free to policy holders. (这项服务对投保人免费。)

  5、sum n. 总数,金额   v. 共计;总结

  1) The expenses came to an enormous sum.(开支总数巨大。)

  2) He paid a large sum of money for the house.(他出了一大笔钱买这所房子。)

  3) The boys, in sum, did a good job. (总之,男孩子们干得不错。)

  4) At the and of the discussion, he summed up, and added a few points.(讨论快结束时,他作了总结并补充了几点。)

  5) I cannot sum up his opinion in one sentence. (我无法用一句话来概括他的观点。)

  6、adequate adj. 充足的,充分的;胜任的

  1) His income is adequate to support his family.(他的收入足以维持他一家的生活。)

  2) What should be done to assure adequate supplies of water? (应该怎样来保证足够的水供应?)

  3) I think he is adequate to the job.(我认为他胜任这工作。)

  4) He gave us an adequate description of the situation. (他对形势作了恰当的描述。)

  7、major a. 主要的     n. 专业,专业学生     v. 主修,专攻

  1) It is not a major problem.(这不是个大问题。)

  2) She had a major operation last month.(她上个月初了次大手术。)

  3) He is a physics major, but he is interested in journalism. (他是物理专业学生,但他却对新闻越兴趣。)

  4) Biology is his major.(生物是他的专业。)

  5) My brother majors in traditional Chinese medicine. (我弟弟主修中医。)

  6) She majors in early education. (她专攻早期教育。)

  与major意思相反的词是minor.如:

  1) Don't worry about it, it is only a minor problem.(别担心,这只是个小问题。)

  2) History is his major, and English is his minor.(他主修历史,副修英语。)

  major和minor的名词形式是在其后加-ity.

  8、remind v. 提醒,使想起;使发生联想

  1) Please remind me, if I forget to give you the key. (如果我忘记给你钥匙,请提醒我。)

  2) Remind him to put the book on the shelf when he is done with it. (他看完书后提醒他把书放在书架上。)

  3) We had to remind him that he had a meeting at 10:00. (我们不得不提醒他十点钟有个会。)

  4) Is it necessary to remind him about the party? (有必要提醒他不要忘记赴宴吗?)

  5) The picture reminds me of my childhood in the countryside. (这张照片使我联想起在农村度过的童年。)

  9、possibility n. 可能性;可能的事

  Possibility是possible的名词形式,英语中有不少以-ible,-able为字尾的形容词,表示“有能力”,“易做”,“适合”,“足以做…”的意思,而这些形容词的名词通常以如下形式出现:

  possible——possibility responsible——responsibility

  probable——probability available——availability

  able——abilityfeasible——feasibility

  1) We must accept the possibility that we might be wrong.(我们必须接受这种可能性,即我们也许错了。)

  2) I am not sure if we have the possibility of success.(我不能肯定我们是否有成功的可能。)

  3) It is a possibility that he will get the job. (他有可能得到那份工作。)

  10、injury n. 损害,伤害

  1) Building workers risk injury by not wearing helmets.(建筑工人不戴安全帽便有受伤的危险。)

  2) He did not suffer any injuries in the accident. (他在事故中没有任何损伤。)

  3) The man got an injury to the head in the fight.(在打斗中那个人头部受伤。)

  injure是injury的动词形式,请注意区别damage,wound,hurt和injure这几个词。Damage指损害某物。wound指人在战斗,攻击中身体受伤,出现明显的伤口。Hurt,injure指人在平时或事故中受伤,还表示伤害感情自尊等。hurt更表示有强烈的疼痛感。如:

  1)The boat was seriously damaged in the storm. (那条船在风暴中严重受损。)

  2)The soldier was badly wounded. (那个士兵受了重伤。)

  3)He injured his leg in an accident. (在一次事故中,他的腿受了伤。)

  4)I fell off my bicycle and hart my arm. (我从自行车上摔下来,摔伤了胳膊。)

  5)I didn't mean to hart your feelings. (我本无意伤害你的感情。)

  11、complex adj. 复杂的     n. 综合体;情绪;夸大的情绪反应

  1) What he said was too complex for me to understand. (他说的太复杂了,我不理解。)

  2) This is a complex problem. (这是个复杂的问题。)

  3) There will be an industrial complex in our province. (我们省将有一个大工业中心。)

  4) He has a complex about bugs. (他对小虫子有病态恐惧。)

  12、professional adj. 职业的,专业的       n. 自由职业者,专业人员

  1) We need to have some professional advice. (我们需要职业性的指导。)

  2) He is a professional basketball player. (他是职业篮球运动员。)

  3) The band consists of a professional and three amateurs. (这支乐队由一名职业乐师和三名业余人员组成。)

  4) He is a professional at his job. (他是一个精通本职工作的人。)

  profession 名词,意思是“职业”。如:

  1) He decided on teaching as his profession. (他决定从事教书工作。)

  2) He is a carpenter by profession. (他以木工为业。)

  What's your father's profession? (你父亲是从事什么工作的?)

  13、ignorance n. 无知,愚昧;不知

  1) Some animals have been wiped out through ignorance. (有些动物由于人们的无知而灭绝了。)

  2) It might be better to keep her in ignorance of what has happened. (不让她知道发生了什么事也许更好。)

  ignorant是形容词,意思是“无知的,没有学识;不知道的”。如:

  1) She was ignorant about these people. (她对这些人全然不了解。)

  2) His parents were kept ignorant of the fact that he failed in the exam.(关于他考试又不及格这件事他父母还蒙在鼓里。)

  3) How can you believe such an ignorant person?(你怎能相信这样一个无知的人?)

  14、opposite adj. 对面的;相反的      n. 对立面

  1) He lives in the house opposite to ours. (他住在我们对面的那所房子里。)

  2) She burst into the room through the opposite door. (她从对面的那扇门冲进房间。)

  3) The result was opposite to what we had expected. (结果和我们所期望的相反。)

  4) You are active, she is the opposite. (你很活泼,她正相反。)

  5) Our view is the opposite of yours. (我们的意见与你们的相反。)

  6) He sat opposite to her. (他坐在她对面。)

  7) There was an explosion opposite. (对面发生了爆炸。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:00:55 [只看该作者]

 

Unit13(第38讲—第40讲)

  15、effective adj. 有效果的,有成效的

  1) We have to take effective measures to control pollution. (我们得采取有效措施控制污染。)

  2) I hope the medicine can be effective. (我希望这药有效。)

  本课简介

  态度友善、衣着得体、热切助人的保险代理人的来电或造访常令美国人不安,甚至戒备,这是为什么呢?本文作者列举了美国人不愿谈论保险的三个原因。其一是保险昂贵,各类保险成了大多数美国家庭的一大花费;其二是保险总令人想到自己生活于其中的世界充满了不安全因素。人们得面对疾病、伤害、死亡、经济损失等种种不幸;其三是保险是一个困难而复杂的问题,能完全弄明白这个问题的人少而又少,掩饰无知的方式是避免谈论。然而,这正是由于上述三个原因,人们有必要对保险问题多多了解,才能成为明智的消费者,才能理智地正视保险问题,才能避免成为“保险盲”。

  本课主要语言点

  1. Yet few Americans really enjoy visiting with these eager, helpful men and women.

  在前一单元中,我们已讲到过few 通常否定,意思是“很少的,几乎没有的”,本句中的few 同样表示否定意味。

  动词enjoy 的后面跟名词或者动名词,不能跟动词不定式,如:

  1)He enjoys classical music. (他喜欢古典音乐。)

  2)She enjoys going to concerts. (她喜欢赴音乐会。)

  3)Painting is something that Mary really enjoys doing. (画画是玛丽真正喜欢做的事。)

  visit with 是美国用法,意思是“访问;在…处做客、逗留”,如:

  1)She will come and visit with you for a few weeks. (她会来你这儿做客住上几个星期的。)

  2)He hasn't visited with his uncle since 1990. (他从1990年至今没有拜访过他叔叔。)

  eager 是一个形容词,通常用于词组 be eager to do sth.

  1) They are eager to get the information. (他们急切地想得到那信息。)

  2)The little boy was eager to tell his parents that he won the first prize.(那个小男孩急切地想告诉父母他得了一等奖。)

  2.We are on guard when they visit our homes.

  guard 这个词既可做名词用,也可做动词用。做名词用时,意思是“看守;守卫;警惕;”做动词用时,意思是“保卫,保护;看守。”

  1)He works as a door guard for that company. (他在那家公司做门警。)

  2)They will give him an armed guard. (他们会给他配备一队武装卫兵。)

  3)I was immediately on guard when father mentioned that incident. (父亲提起那件事,我就立刻提防起来。)

  4)Police were sent to guard his house. (警察被派去守卫他的房子。)

  5)She had been locked in her room and guarded day and night. (她被锁在房间里日夜看守着。)

  6)The old man told his son to guard against conceit. (那位老人嘱咐他的儿子谨防骄傲。)

  3.Three reasons why we are unwilling to discuss insurance can be suggested.

  本句的主要成份是:Three reasons can be suggested. Why引导的是一个定语从句,修饰reasons.如:

  1)The reason why she refused my help is unknown. (没人知道她拒绝我的帮助的原因。)

  2)The room where Mary used to live has been painted blue. (玛丽曾经住过的那个房间已被漆成了蓝色。)

  3)The day when John came was cold. (约翰来的那天很冷。)

  4. In effect, they pay as much for the insurance as they do for the car itself.

  in effect 意思是“实质上;实际上”,如:

  1)They have in effect been severely punished. (他们实际上已受到严厉惩罚。)

  2)In effect, she has no choice. (实际上她没有选择。)

  3)What in effect I'm saying is that he couldn't keep his promise. (我实质上要说的是,他不可能信守诺言。)

  请注意pay和spend两个动词的用法:

  1)He paid 100 yuan for that used bicycle. (他出100元买那辆旧自行车。)

  2)He spent 100 yuan on that used bike.

  5. Insurance also reminds us that we live in an unsafe world.

  在词汇部分,我们已讲过remind这个词的词意及用法,再巩固一下:

  remind sb. of sth.

  1) I remind him of his promise. (我提醒他许下的诺言。)

  2)Her smile reminds me of her mother.(她的微笑使我想起了她的母亲。)

  remind sb. about sth.

  1) Don't forget to remind him about the meeting. (别忘记提醒他开会的事。)

  2)He called to remind me about the return ticket. (他打来电话提醒我回程票的事。)

  remind sb. to do sth.

  1) Remind me to turn off the computer. (提醒我关电脑。)

  2)Mother reminded him to air the quilt when it is fine. (母亲提醒他天气好时晒晒被子。)

  remind + 从句

  1)I was reminded how his attitude had changed. (我注意到他的态度改变了。)

  2)Remind his that he has to go to the parents' meeting. (提醒他去参加家长会。)

  6.…in our hearts we hope that we might be spared.

  spare做形容词用时,意思是“多余的;空闲的;俭朴的”。如:

  1)In his spare time he wrote some short stories. (他用余暇写了一些短篇故事。)

  2)Sorry, I don't have any spare cash. Can I write a check? (对不起,我没有多余的现钱,我可以开支票吗?)

  3)He is keen on this spare lifestyle. (他喜欢这种俭朴的生活。)

  在本句中,spare用作动词,意思是“饶恕;使免遭”。如:

  1)He begged them to spare his life. (他求他们饶他一命。)

  2)You may spare yourself the trouble. (你不必找此麻烦。)

  3)Call him and spare yourself a visit. (给他打个电话,省得你自己跑一趟。)

  spare 也可以表示“抽出时间;出让”。如:

  1)Can you spare me 5 minutes? (你能抽出5分钟时间给我吗?)

  Spare me 50 yuan and I will return the money on payday. (借给我50元钱,发工资那天我就还你。)

  7. …We would rather talk about football or the weather or what we had for lunch.

  在world rather 后面应用动词的原形形式。如:

  1)I would rather stay at home. (我宁愿呆在家里。)

  2)He would rather go and play football than go to the cinema. (他宁愿去踢足球,而不愿去看电影。)

  3)I would rather you didn't tell me the truth. (我宁愿你没告诉我真话。)

  在第三句中,would rather 后面跟的是从句,从句中的动词用虚拟语气形式。

  what we had for lunch意思是“午饭吃了什么”。如:

  1)What did you have for breakfast? (你早饭吃了什么?)

  2)I had nothing but a cup of coffee for breakfast. (早饭我只喝了一杯咖啡。)

  8.Neither should we depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance.

  当否定词放在句首时,句子通常用倒装。如:

  1)Never in my life have I seen such a beautiful place. (我一生中从没见过这么美丽的地方。)

  2)Tom doesn't like pop music. Neither does his wife. (汤姆不喜欢流行音乐,他妻子也不喜欢。)

  3)In no case will he give up the experiment. (无论如何他都不会放弃那个试验。)

  4)Not only was he a teacher, but also a poet. (他不仅是一位教师,还是一位诗人。)

  9.It is better that we plan for these situations by finding means to deal with them than to just hope that they will somehow go away.

  plan 一般可用作及物动词,而本句中的动词plan 作不及物动词用。

  1)We will plan our weekend at noon. (中午时我们将安排周末的活动。)

  2)I planned to go and meet him at the station. (我打算去车站接他。)

  3)We should plan for our future. (我们应该筹划未来。)

  deal with意思是“处理,对付;论述”

  1)This is a book dealing with the skills of reading, writing and speaking. (这是一本论述读、写、说技能的书。)

  2)The man is difficult to deal with. (那人很难打交道。)

  3)There will be a lot of difficulties to be dealt with when you start your own business.(你开始自己做生意时会有许多困难要克服。)

  10.Quite the opposite

  本句的意思是“恰巧相反”,有时我们也可以用just the opposite.如:

  They are very excited. I am quite the opposite. (他们很兴奋,我则恰好相反。)

  本课主要词组

  1. be interested in    2. be eager to

  3. be of help       4. visit with

  5. be on guard       6. at best

  7. be unwilling to     8. first of all

  9. a sum of        10. pay for

  11. in effect       12. remind…of

  13. would rather      14. depend on

  15. look…in the face    16. plan for

  17. deal with       18. go away

  19. neither…nor

  Text B  What is money and what are its functions?

  短语表达

  1. be familiar with

  I am not familiar with the book he mentioned in his lecture.

  2. throughout

  He never stopped learning throughout his life.

  We want to make this place known throughout the world.

  3. a number of

  A number of ways have been suggested to control air pollution.

  A number of students have applied for this part-time job.

  4. rule out

  The regulations rule out anyone under the age of 16.

  The possibility of suicide has been ruled out.

  Heavy rain ruled the match out for that day.

  5. search for

  The police are still searching for survivors of the plane crash.

  They are searching the wood for the lost child.

  6. worth

  This bike is worth 250 yuan.

  I don't think a two-day vacation is worth much.

  7. respond to

  How did he respond to what you said?

  8. rather than

  He is a writer rather than a teacher.

  Rather than cause trouble, he left.

  9. in terms of

  She was asked to express her idea in terms of science.

  We usually measure the value of material goods in terms of money.

  10. be conscious of

  I was not conscious of what was happening.

  He was not conscious of his mistake.

  11. convert to

  Water can be converted to electricity.

  He wanted to convert the US dollars to RMB.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:01:22 [只看该作者]

 

Unit14(第41讲—第43讲)

  Text A  The importance of being kind and polite

  本课主要单词

  1.frankly adv. 坦白地,直率地;坦率地说

  1)He frankly admitted that he had made a mistake. (他坦率地承认自己犯了个错误。)

  2)She asked me to tell her frankly what I wished to do. (她让我坦率地告诉她我希望做什么。)

  3)Frankly, he is not easy to get along with. (坦率地说,他这个人不好打交道。)

  4)Quite frankly, I don't care about what they may say. (坦率地说,我不在乎他们会说什么。)

  frank adj. 坦诚的    v. 盖免费邮戳于(邮件);准许…自由通过

  1)They gave us a frank reply. (他们给了我们一个坦率的回答。)

  2)They have franked these letters. (他们已经给这些信件盖了邮资已付的邮戳。)

  3)We are trying to frank him through customs. (我们正努力使他免检通过海关。)

  2.boring adj. 令人厌烦的;乏味的

  bored adj. 感到厌烦的

  bore v. 使厌烦,使厌倦    n. 令人讨厌的人或事

  boredom n. 厌烦,厌倦;乏味

  1)It was such a boring journey that he didn't want to say anything about it.(这次旅行很乏味,他什么也不想提及。)

  2)I am bored. I don't have anything to do. (我无事可做,感到乏味。)

  3)Most of the book had bored him, with the exception of one chapter.(除了其中的一章,这本书的大部分内容使他感到乏味。)

  4)Sam is such a bore that no one wants to have anything to do with him.(山姆是个很令人讨厌的人,谁都不想与他打交道。)

  5)She seems so depressed by the boredom of her city life. (城市生活的乏味似乎令她沮丧。)

  3.honestly adv. 诚实地;的确

  honest adj. 诚实的

  honesty n. 诚实

  dishonest adj. 不诚实的;不正直的

  1) Honestly, I don't know what you're talking about. (说实在的,我不知道你在讲些什么。)

  2) You have to answer the following questions honestly. (你得诚实地回答下列问题。)

  3) He is honest, he doesn't tell lies. (他是老实人,不说谎。)

  4) First of all, you should be honest about why you want the money. (首先,你应该坦率地说为什么要这些钱。)

  5) We have no doubt as to his honesty. (对他的诚实我们毫不怀疑。)

  6) How can you believe such a dishonest person. (你怎么能相信这样一个不诚实的人?)

  7) He got his money in dishonest ways. (他以不正当的方式搞钱。)

  4.impress v. 给…深刻的印象

  impression n. 印象;效果,影响

  impressive adj. 给人以深刻印象的

  1)What I saw and heard there impressed me deeply. (那儿的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象。)

  2)I was impressed by his high efficiency. (他的高效率给我留下了深刻的印象。)

  3)My advice seemed to make no impression on him. (我的劝告似乎对他不起作用。)

  4)She made a very good impression on her employer. (她给雇主留下了极好的印象。)

  5)The impressive scene will be always in his mind. (那个难忘的场面将永远留在他的脑海中。)

  5.collection n. 收集;收藏品

  collect v. (去)取;接;聚集

  1) He has a large collection of books. (他有大量的藏书。)

  2) The collection of butterfly specimens takes up all his spare time. (他所有的业余时间都用于采集蝴蝶标本了。)

  3) He likes collecting stamps. (他爱好集邮。)

  4) I have to go and collect my daughter. (我得去接女儿了。)

  5) A large crowd collected in front of the building. (那座楼前聚集了一大群人。)

  collect 也可以做副词用,意思是“由受话人付费”,如:

  I will call London collect. (我将给伦敦打一个对方付费的电话。)

  6.misunderstand v. 误解,误会

  misunderstanding n. 误会;争执

  1)Don't misunderstand us, we are here to help, not to make trouble.(别误解我们的意思,我们是来帮忙的,不是惹麻烦的。)

  2)She misunderstood what her friend said, and went away in a fury. (她误解了她朋友所说的话,怒气冲冲地走了。)

  3)They had a misunderstanding, but they have become friendly again. (他们曾有过争执,不过又言归于好了。)

  4)I don't hope the minor misunderstanding will affect our friendship. (我不希望这点小误会会影响我们的友谊。)

  7.friction n. 摩擦;不和,争执

  1)Constant friction caused the rope to break. (不断的摩擦使绳子断了。)

  2)The efficiency of the machine is higher because there is less friction.(由于摩擦力较小,这台机器的效率更高了。)

  3)Family frictions can interfere with a child's schoolwork. (家庭中的争吵会影响孩子的学业。)

  4)The friction between the two countries is getting more and more serious. (两国之间的摩擦在加剧。)

  8.conflict n. 冲突,抵触      v. 冲突,抵触

  1)The conflict between the two villages lasted for years. (两个村子之间的冲突持续了数年。)

  2)They came into conflict over the ownership of the house. (他们就房屋的所有权问题产生了激烈的争执。)

  3)His statement conflicted with what his friend said. (他的说法与他的朋友所言截然不同。)

  4)My idea might conflict with his. (我的观点,可能会与他的观点相冲突。)

  9.enforce v. 实施,执行;强制;强调

  1)The president of our university said time and again that it was necessary to enforce the school regulations.(我们大学的校长一再说执行校规很有必要。)

  2)People were dissatisfied with the government's inability to enforce its law.(人们对政府无力执行法律十分不满。)

  3)Very often parents enforce their own will on children. (父母常常把自己的意愿强加给孩子们。)

  4)Illness enforced him to lie in bed. (疾病迫使他卧床。)

  5)You need to enforce you arguments by producing facts and figures. (你需要提出事实与数据来加强你的论点。)

  10.interact v. 相互影响,相互作用,相互交流

  interaction n. 相互影响,相互作用

  1)Mothers and babies internet in a complex way. (母婴以一种复杂的方式相互交流。)

  2)Students are encouraged to interact in class in English by the teacher. (老师鼓励学生在课堂上用英语互动。)

  3)There is a need for more interaction between parents and children. (父母和孩子之间需要更多的相互交流。)

  4)They are doing some research on the interaction between seawater and lava.(他们正对海水与溶岩的相互作用进行研究。)

  inter-是一个前缀,表示“相互”;“在…中间”。如:interchange (互换);intercommunicate (互相联系;互相通信);interdependent (相互依赖,互相依存);international (国际的);interstate (州际的);interuniversity (大学间的)

  11.consensus n. 合意;(意见等的)一致;舆论

  1)There was a kind of unspoken consensus between them. (他们之间有一种默契。)

  2)The consensus was to abandon the project. (大多数人的意见是放弃该项计划。)

  3)It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on what they are going to do.(要就他们将要进行的事情达成大致意见是很困难。)

  4)You have to build a consensus with them if you really want to get their help.(如果你真想得到他们的帮助,你得与他们达成一致意见。)

  12.guideline n. 指导方针,准则,标准

  1)They are going to adopt new guidelines for national economy. (他们将采取新的国民经济指导方针。)

  2)Today the moral guidelines are not as obvious as they were. (现在的道德准则不再以前一样明确了。)

  3)The chemical additives still exceed guidelines set to protect public health.(化学添加剂仍然超过了为保护公众健康而确定的标准。)

  13.unacceptable adj. 不能接受的,不受欢迎的

  acceptable adj. 可接受的

  accept v. 接受

  1) It is entirely unacceptable to break the law for the sake of money. (为了钱而犯法是完全不可接受的。)

  2) The proposal was unacceptable. (这个建议是不能接受的。)

  3) This is a proposal that is acceptable to all sides. (这是一个各方面都能接受的建议。)

  4) They didn't accept the invitation to attend the evening party. (他们没有接受出席晚会的邀请。)

  14.adolescent adj. 青春期的;青少年的      n. (16岁以下的)青少年

  adolescence n. 青春期(13-16岁的发育期)

  1) He was afraid that his son had anything to do with the adolescent gang.(他担心他儿子与青少年犯罪集团有牵连。)

  2) This film aimed at adolescents. (这部电影专为青少年拍摄。)

  3) His adolescence was not a happy time for him. (他的青春期过的不快乐。)

  4) Before his parents could realize it Tom had already reached the age of adolescence.(父母还没意识到这个问题,汤姆已到了青春期年龄。)

  15.swear v. 诅咒;发誓      n. 誓言

  1)Don't swear in front of the children. (别在孩子们面前骂人。)

  2)Will you swear that you were not on the scene? (你愿意起誓说你当时不在现场吗?)

  3)I swear that I will never trust him any more. (我保证再也不相信他了。)

  4)He swore by his honor that he would return the money in two weeks.(他以自己的名誉发誓保证在两周内还钱。)

  5)They refused to swear on a Bible. (他们拒绝手按圣经发誓。)

  6)Don't take his swear seriously. (别拿他的誓言当真。)

  16.indifferent adj. 冷漠的,不关心的

  indifference n. 冷漠

  1)If parents are indifferent to their success, children will fail to make progress.(如果父母漠视孩子的成功,孩子就不会进步。)

  2)He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. (他对别人的痛苦漠不关心。)

  3)He put on an air of indifference. (他摆出了一副满不在乎的神气。)

  4)She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. (她儿子对她的冷漠态度令她恼怒。)

  17.discipline n. 纪律,训练;学科      v. 训练;使有纪律;惩罚

  1)The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. (艰苦工作的磨练会对你大有好处。)

  2)The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. (那个年轻的教师无法维持课堂秩序。)

  3)Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem.(许多学科的科学家们将一道来解决这个问题。)

  4)They must learn to discipline themselves. (他们必须学会锻炼自己。)

  5)He was disciplined for being late. (他因迟到而受罚。)

  18.individual n. 个人,个体      adj. 个别的,单独的;独特的

  1)The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. (他在讲话中十分强调个人的自由。)

  2)Handwriting varies from individual to individual. (每个人的笔迹都不相同。)

  3)Each individual leaf on the tree is different. (树上的每一片叶子都各不相同。)

  4)There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek. (他除了右脸颊有条深疤外别无特征。)

  


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:02:32 [只看该作者]

本课简介

  在人类共同生活的社会里有一些共认的社会准则,这些准则为大多数人所接受。如果你不能遵循这些准则,你则会被看作为一个缺少文明礼貌举止的人。善待他人,尊重他人能给我们带来一种优势,而这种优势会帮助我们成功。正因为如此,我们应该学会在看电影时保持安静;在点燃香烟前征得他人同意;注意选择接听移动电话的场合;与老师交谈时摘下随身听的耳机;满口含着食物时不随意开口讲话;该尊称他人时不随性而为乱称呼……。这些看似不重要的小节恰恰是最能反映一个人的社会公德的。

  本课主要语言点

  1. Unless you want to end a relationship, you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this.

  unless在本句中的意思是“if not” (除非,如果不),如:

  1) You will fail the exam unless you study harder. (你若不更加努力学习,考试会不及格。)

  2) We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. (如果不发生意外,我们将继续试验。)

  3) I will not go to the party unless he invites me. (如果他不邀请我,我就不去参加聚会。)

  4) Nothing, unless a miracle, can save him. (除非出现奇迹,他无法得救。)

  end在本句中用作动词,意思是“结束”。如:

  1) The meeting did not end until midnight. (会议开到半夜才结束。)

  2) The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. (抗日战争于1945年结束。)

  3) He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. (他不愿以这种方式结束为期四周的旅行。)


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:02:51 [只看该作者]

 

Unit14(第41讲—第43讲)

  2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps, yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do.

  本句中三个并列的动名词短语做主语,整个句子是一个“主语+系动词+表语”的句型。如:

  1)Smoking is not good for your health. (吸烟有害你的健康。)

  2) Making experiment is one way of learning. (实验是学习的一条途径。)

  be impressed by 意思是“给…深刻印象”。如:

  1)I was impressed by his talent. (他的才干给我留下了深刻的印象。)

  2)He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. (绚丽的夕阳给他留下了深刻的印象。)

  golfer意思为“高尔夫球运动员”,这个词是由golf加后缀-er构成的,英语中这一类词很多。如:baker (面包师傅),gardener (园丁),miller (磨坊主),singer (歌唱家),user (使用者。)

  1) He tried not to let out the secret. (他试图不泄露秘密。)

  2) We tried not to be misled by them. (我们努力不被他们误导。)

  3. There are no laws enforcing respect.

  本句是一个There be + noun + V-ing 结构,表示存在(有),there失去表示场所的意义。如:

  1) There was a fire burning in the fireplace. (壁炉里火在燃烧。)

  2) There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. (两台推土机把那儿夷平。)

  句中的enforce是一个及物动词,意思是“实施;强制”。如:

  1) It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. (在部队里执行纪律是必要的。)

  2) He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. (他强烈反对强迫儿童服从。)

  4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable.

  represent在本句中做及物动词用,意思是“代表;体现”。如:

  1) The blue lines on the map represent rivers. (地图上的蓝线代表河流。)

  2) These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. (那些观点并不反映当地居民的真实思想。)

  句中what引导的是宾语从句,如:

  1) I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.(我将永远记住我上大学前妈妈对我说的话。)

  2) I didn't see what they were doing there. (我没看见他们在那儿干什么。)

  3) His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.(他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜欢的东西。)

  consider是一个常用动词,通常有以下几种用法:

  1) consider + 宾语

  He had no time to consider the matter. (他没有时间考虑这件事。)

  2) consider + 宾语 + 宾语补足语

  Some people considered the attack a mistake. (有人认为那次进攻是个错误。)

  3) consider + that 从句

  We consider that the young man is not guilty. (我们认为那个年轻人无罪。)

  4) consider + V. + ing He considered changing his job. (他考虑换一份工作。)

  5) consider to be/as

  They consider themselves to be very lucky. (他们认为自己很幸运。)

  He is considered to be an authority. (他被认为是权威。)

  They considered the house as beautiful. (他们认为那房子很美。)

  在上面的三个例句中,to be和as都可以被省略,因此三例句可以改写为:

  They consider themselves lucky.

  He is considered an authority.

  They consider the house beautiful.

  5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience.

  aware这个形容词很常用,需好好掌握,在第十二单元中我们已经接触过这个词,在此再巩固一下。

  1) be aware of

  If you were aware of all that, you would change your mind. (如果你知道了那一切,你会改变主意的。)

  2) be aware that

  He was aware that he had drunk too much. (他知道他喝的太多了。)

  bother在本句中做动词用,意思是“打扰”。在bother后用不定式则表示“费心去做某事”。如:

  1) Don't bother me, I have to finish the work in an hour. (别打扰我,我得在一小时内做完这个工作。)

  2) Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. (别费心跟他讲话,他对什么都没兴趣。)

  audience (观众,听众)当一个整体看待,用做单数;当各成员看待,用做复数。如:

  1) The audience was (were) enjoying the performance. (观众在欣赏演出。)

  2) That book has a large audience. (那本书有广大的读者。)

  6. …the look-at-me phone users whose boring conversations are just as dangerous to our mental health as smoke is to our lungs.

  look-at-me是作者自造的复合形容词,意思是“看我多神气”。

  as dangerous…as…形容词的同等比较,意思是“与……同样危险”。

  这句话的意思是“如同吸烟有害我们的肺一样,'那些瞧我多神气'的移动电话使用者的无聊谈话有害我们的精神健康。”

  英语学习中,经常会有不善区别现在分词做形容词和过去分词做形容词的用法和词意的情况,请看下列例句:

  A. interested  interesting

  1. He is interested in that book.

  2. The book is interesting

  B. excited  exciting

  1. We were very excited on hearing the news.

  2. The exciting news was soon spread all over the country.

  C. bored  boring

  1. The audience was bored by the speaker's empty talk.

  2.The boring lecture made my sleepy.

  7. …they listen to their walkmans while the teacher is talking to them.

  listen是一个不及物动词,后面必须加介词to才可以跟宾语,如:听音乐(listen to music),听收音机(listen to the radio),听天气预报(listen to the weather forecast)。请注意,不能丢掉介词to.

  walkman指随身听。注意其复数形式是在后面加-s,而不是把man改成men.

  8. Kids who have no idea what being polite means will pay the price sooner or later.

  have no idea of sth. 意思是“对……不理解”。have no idea后面接从句,常可省去of,如:

  1)He had no idea what was likely to happen next. (他无法预料接下去会出现什么情况。)

  2)I have no idea why she left.(我不知道她为什么离去。)

  polite是形容词,前面必须用系动词,而在what从句中,做主语用的系动词be则要变成being.如:

  Being honest means telling no lies. (诚实意味着不说谎话。)

  句子中的who引导的是一个定语从句,修饰kids,而what则引导了一个同位语从句,对idea的内容加以解释。如:

  1)I have no idea what will turn up.

  2)I have no idea how soon they will arrive.

  3)Word came that they had succeeded.

  pay the price意思是“付出代价”。如:

  They will pay the price for their ignorance. (他们将为自己的无知付出代价。)

  sooner or later意思是“迟早”,如:

  You will understand me sooner or later. (你迟早会理解我的。)

  9. When they join the work force, their employers and associates alike will soon realize that the behavior of these rude young people is closer to that of animals than civilized people.

  associate在本句中做名词,意思是“同事”。

  alike通常做形容词用,如:The two brothers are very much alike. (这两兄弟非常相象。)在本句子,alike作副词用,意思是“一样地”。

  1)Teachers and students alike will have a 3-week holiday. (老师和学生一样将有为期三周的假期。)

  2)The book is interesting and instructive alike. (这书既有趣,也有教益。)

  句子中的第一个that引导的是一个宾语从句。第二个that则用来替代前面出现过的名词,本句中that替代前面的behavior,意思是“这些粗鲁的年轻人的行为更接近动物的行为。”

  1) By 1990, production in the area is expected to double that of 1980.

  2) The weather in Shanghai is milder than that of Beijing.

  10. Being polite and showing respect can give us an edge.

  Edge在本句中的意思是“优势”(advantage),如:

  1) The edge was with our team. (优势在我们队这边。)

  2) Since he obtained the edge, he was sure to win. (既然他取得了优势,他一定会赢。)

  3) have an edge over sb. (胜过某人)

  4) maintain a nuclear edge (保持核优势)

  


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:03:02 [只看该作者]

本课主要词组

  1. think of           2. be impressed by

  3. fall asleep          4. a trip to

  5. interact with         6. a majority of

  7. show respect for       8. as well

  9. be aware of         10. listen to

  11. have no idea        12. pay the price

  13. sooner or later       14. be close to

  15. because of         16. get ahead

  17. give sb. an edge       18. be based on

  Text B   Why we walk in circles

  短语表达

  1.rather than

  He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.

  He was reading a book rather than watching TV.

  2.somewhat

  He felt somewhat tired.

  This book is somewhat difficult to understand.

  3.instead of

  Instead of pushing and crowding, he waited quietly for his turn.

  He gave us a lot of trouble instead of help.

  4.go astray

  The letter had gone astray.

  Make sure that no sheep go astray.

  5.keep from

  The poor child was kept from seeing his mother.

  The bad weather kept us from getting there as scheduled.

  6.cut off

  Cut me off if I talk too much.

  Gas supplies had now been cut off.

  7.be worth

  This book is worth reading.

  This problem is worth following up.

  8.reach one's goal

  You have to work hard to reach your goal.

  9. such as

  Many stories such as these will prove instructive to the children.

  10.intend to

  He intended to give us an explanation, but he didn't.

  I didn't intend to hurt you.

  11.no more…than

  He is no more a teacher than a writer.

  We are no more satisfied than you are.

  12.让步状语从句的倒装

  Young as he is, he holds an important position in the company.

  Smart as they are, they are always modest.

  Child as he was, he knew what was the right thing to do.

  13.独立结构:with +名词+过去分词

  With many eyes fixed on her, she felt very nervous.

  With all the work completed, we felt greatly relieved.

  With all his savings gone, he had to find a job now.


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  发帖心情 Post By:2007/5/4 1:03:28 [只看该作者]

 

Unit15(第44讲—第46讲)

  Text A  How TV Violence Affects Kids

  本课主要单词

  1.violence  n. 暴力;强烈

  violent  adj. 暴力的;强烈的

  1) Preschool children suffer most from TV violence. (学龄前儿童受暴力电视节目的危害最深。)

  2) People in that country hated the king to the marrow as he ruled the country with violence.(那个国家的人民对国王恨之入骨,因为他用暴力进行统治。)

  3)He flung open the door with violence. (他用劲地猛然把门打开。)

  4)The violent blow sent him down on his knees. (那猛烈的一击使他跪倒在地。)

  5)The doctor told him not to do any violent exercise. ( 医生嘱咐他不要进行剧烈运动。)

  2.exposure  n. 暴露;揭露;曝光

  expose   v. 暴露;使曝光;使遭受;使处于…影响之下;展出

  1)Too much exposure to sunlight will burn your skin.(过度晒太阳会晒伤皮肤。)

  2)The exposure of corruption by the media caught the attention of the public.(传媒对腐败的揭露引起了公众的注意。)

  3)She concealed the secret from her parents, fearing the exposure would stun them.(她对父母隐瞒了这个秘密,担心秘密暴露会令父母震惊。)

  4)How many exposures have you made? (你拍了几张照片?)

  5)His shirt was open, exposing the tattoo on his chest. (他的衬衣敞开了,露出了刺在胸部的文身。)

  6)His fatness exposed him to a lot of joking at the office. (他长得肥胖,因此在办公室常受取笑。)

  7)He was exposed to music when he was a child. (他自幼受音乐薰陶。)

  8)Parents should expose their children to good books. (父母应让孩子们读好书。)

  9)He is going to expose all his collections at the auction. (他打算拍卖时把收藏品全部陈列出来。)

  3.allocate  v. 分配;把…拨给;把…划归

  allocation  n. 分配;划拨的款项

  1)Some doctors and teachers will be allocated to the villagers to help the people there.(一些医生和教师将被派往那些村子帮助那儿的人们。)

  2)They were dissatisfied with the way resources were allocated.(他们对资源分配的方式不满意。)

  3)One third of the money has been allocated to the public services.(三分之一的经费已拨给了公用事业。)

  4)They said the allocation of seats was unfair.(他们说席位的分配不公平。)

  5)He has a $5000 allocation to cover the expenses.(他有一笔5000美元的拨款以应付各项支出。)

  4. significantly   adv. considerably (相当数量地);meaningfully (有意义地)

  significant    adj. important,meaningful (意义重大的)

  marked,considerable (不必忽略的;相当数量的)

  significance   n. consequence (意义;影响)    implication(含义)

  1)Their opinions don't differ significantly from each other. (他们俩的看法没有明显差别。)

  2)He said to us significantly that education of the youth would be vital to the future of a country. (他意味深长地对我们说年轻人的教育对于一个国家的未来至关重要。)

  3)July 4 is a significant date for Americans. (对美国人来说七月四日是一个意义重大的日子。)

  4)There has been a significant increase in juvenule crime in recent years.(近年来,青少年犯罪活动有了相当大的增加。)

  5)This is an event of great significance. (这是一个非常重大的事件。)

  6)It is necessary to attach great significance to environmental protection.(重视环境保护是必要的。)

  5.per   prep.  每一,每

  1)He earns $3000 per month.(他每月挣3000美元。)

  2)We drove at the speed of 70miles per hour.(我们以每小时70英里的速度行驶。)

  3)Take the medicine 3times per day.(这药每日服三次。)

  4)They spent more than 20million pounds per year.(他们每年花费两千万英镑。)

  6.given  prep. considering (考虑到)

  1)Given their inexperience, they have done a good job.(考虑到他们缺乏经验,这工作他们做得不错。)

  2)Given his age, the old man is in good condition. (考虑到老人的年龄,他的身体状况很不错了。)

  3)Given my interest in oil painting, this is the best place to study.(考虑到我对油画的兴趣,这是学习的最好地方。)

  4)It seems unreasonable to send him away, given that he is doing quite well.(考虑到他的工作干得很不错,把他解雇是不合理的。)

  7.adopt   v. take up (采取); accept (收养); officially pass (正式通过)

  1)I don't know if I should adopt a positive attitude towards the whole happening.(我不知道我是否应该对整个事件采取积极态度。)

  2)Their country adopted press censorship. (他们国家采取了新闻检查制度。)

  3)They adopted an orphan as they had no child of their own.(他们自己没孩子,所以收养了一个孤儿。)

  4)The boy was happy as anything when his parents decided to adopt a puppy.(当爸爸妈妈决定收养一条小狗时,那个男孩高兴极了。)

  5)Congress adopted the new measures. (国会通过了新措施。)

  6)The National Congress adopted the government report.(全国人大通过了政府工作报告。)

  请注意区别adopt和adapt

  adapt  vi. adjust (调节;改变…以适应)

  vt. revise(校准;调整;改编)

  1)He had to adapt himself to the new condition.(他不得不使自己适应新的情况。)

  2)Mr. Wang could not adapt himself to the new climate. (王先生不能适应新的气候。)

  3)He is adapting the novel for television.(他正把那部小说改编为电视剧。)

  8.distinguish   v. separate (区别,辨别);  identify (认出)

  1)You have to distinguish facts from rumours if you want to form a correct opinion.(如果想有一个正确的观点,你得分辨事实和传闻。)

  2)He was distinguished from other boys by his height.(他的身高显出他与其它男孩的不同。)

  3)Some children were unable to distinguish between the letters b and  p. (有些孩子不能分辨字母b和p.)

  9.fantasy   n. 想像;幻想

  1)He is always having fantasies about becoming rich.(他总是抱着发财的幻想。)

  2)To a small child, fantasy and reality are very close to each other .(对幼儿来说,幻想和现实靠得很近。)

  请注意区别fancy,fantasy,imagination

  fancy和fantasy多指无事实依据的凭空想像。Fancy的内容多是虚构的,幻想的;fantasy的内容更是荒诞古怪的。

  Imagination的想像多依据所见所闻或现实内容一般是合理的。

  1)She went wherever the fancy took her. (她随兴致所至想去哪里就去哪里。)

  2)These fantasies are sometimes very dangerous to school children. (对学龄儿童来说这些古怪念头是很危险的。)

  3)Poets, artists and inventors need imagination. (诗人,艺术家和发明家都需要想像力。)

  10.underlying   adj. 在下面的;根本的;潜在的

  1)There are underlying similarities between all human beings. (人与人之间有着潜在的相似之处。)

  2)The underlying theme of the novel is very serious. (这本小说的潜在主题是极其严肃的。)

  3)Can you understand the underlying meaning of what he said? (你能理解他所说的话的含义吗?)

  4)The underlying structure of this building is no doubt very firm. (这座楼的底层结构无疑是牢固的。)

  


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