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标题:[转帖]基础英语语法大全之[主谓一致]-外语教育网

1楼
蓝蒂 发表于:2007/1/18 19:15:18
[主谓一致]主谓一致
 1) 语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。

  2) 意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复数形式一致。

  3) 就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词语,

  一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词复数。例如:

  There is much water in the thermos.

  但当不可数名词前有表示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:

  Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.

[主谓一致]并列结构作主语时谓语用复数
例如:

  Reading and writing are very important. 读写很重要。

  注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。例如:

  The iron and steel industry is very important to our life. 钢铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。

  典型例题

  The League secretary and monitor ___ asked to make a speech at the meeting.

  A. is  B. was  C. are  D. were

  答案B. 注: 先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先排除A.,C.本题易误选D,因为The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor 前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用and 相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选B.

[主谓一致]主谓一致中的靠近原则
1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:

  There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。

  There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girl-students in the class.班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。

  2)当either… or… 与neither… nor,连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here, there引导,而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:

  Either you or she is to go. 不是你去,就是她去。

  Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you. 给你笔、信封和纸。

2楼
蓝蒂 发表于:2007/1/18 19:17:34
[主谓一致]谓语动词与前面的主语一致
当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词组成的短语时,谓语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:

  The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory. 教师和一些学生在参观工厂。

  He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。

[主谓一致]谓语需用单数
1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:

  Each of us has a tape-recorder. 我们每人都有录音机。

  There is something wrong with my watch. 我的表坏了。

  2)当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:

  The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English. 《天方夜谭》是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。

  3)表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:

  Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations. 用三个星期来做准备。

  Ten yuan is enough. 十元够了。

3楼
蓝蒂 发表于:2007/1/18 19:19:01
[主谓一致]指代意义决定谓语的单复数
1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数由其指代的词的单复数决定。例如:

  All is right. 一切顺利。

  All are present. 人都到齐了。

  2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时强调该集体的整体。例如:

  His family isn't very large. 他家成员不多。

  His family are music lovers. 他家个个都是音乐爱好者。

  但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。例如:

  Are there any police around? 附近有警察吗?

  3)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:

  A number of +名词复数+复数动词。

  The number of +名词复数+单数动词。

  A number of books have lent out.

  The majority of the students like English.

[主谓一致]与后接名词或代词保持一致
用half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:

  Most of his money is spent on books. 他大部分的钱化在书上了。

  Most of the students are taking an active part in sports. 大部分学生积极参与体育运动。

  2)用a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主语时,谓语动词通常用单数。例如:

  A series of accidents has been reported. 媒体报道了一连串的事故。

  A pile of lots was set beside the hearth. 炉边有一堆木柴。

  3)如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的短语作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:

  Many a person has read the novel. 许多人读过这本书。

  More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生来自这个城市。

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